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New Perspectives on the Medieval 'Agricultural Revolution' : Crop, Stock and Furrow.
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ISBN: 9781802077230 1802077235 1802079041 Year: 2022 Publisher: Liverpool Liverpool University Press

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Abstract

Across Europe, the early medieval period saw the advent of new ways of cereal farming which fed the growth of towns, markets and populations, but also fuelled wealth disparities and the rise of lordship. These developments have sometimes been referred to as marking an ‘agricultural revolution’, yet the nature and timing of these critical changes remain subject to intense debate, despite more than a century of research.The papers in this volume demonstrate how the combined application of cutting-edge scientific analyses, along with new theoretical models and challenges to conventional understandings, can reveal trajectories of agricultural development which, while complementary overall, do not indicate a single period of change involving the extension of arable, the introduction of the mouldboard plough, and regular crop rotation. Rather, these phenomena become evident at different times and in different places across England throughout the period, and rarely in an unambiguously ‘progressive’ fashion.Presenting innovative bioarchaeological research from the ground-breaking Feeding Anglo-Saxon England project, along with fresh insights into ploughing technology, brewing, the nature of agricultural revolutions, and farming practices in Roman Britain and Carolingian Europe, this volume is a critical new contribution to environmental archaeology and medieval studies in England and beyond.


Book
Biocultural Restoration in Hawaiʻi
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Biocultural restoration is a process by which the various connections between humanity and nature, as well as between People and Place are revived to restore the health and function of social-ecological systems. This collection explores the subject of biocultural restoration and does so within the context of Hawaiʻi, the most remote archipelago on the planet. The Hawaiian Renaissance, which started in the 1970s, has led to a revival of Hawaiian language, practices, philosophy, spirituality, knowledge systems, and systems of resource management. Many of the leading Indigenous and local scholars of Hawaiʻi who were born into the time of the Hawaiian Renaissance contributed to this collection. More than a third of the authors are of Indigenous Hawaiian ancestry; each paper had at least one Indigenous Hawaiian author, and several papers had a Hawaiian lead author, making this the largest collection to date of scientific publications authored by Indigenous Hawaiians (Kānaka ʻŌiwi). In addition, the majority of authors are women, and two of the papers had 100 percent authorship by women. This collection represents a new emphasis in applied participatory research that involves academics, government agencies, communities and both private and non-profit sectors.

Keywords

ridge-to-reef --- groundwater --- land-use --- nutrients --- bleaching --- scenario --- resilience --- collaboration --- scientific tools --- management --- alternative regime state --- portable biocultural toolkit --- social-ecological system theory --- Hawaii --- Colocasia esculenta --- biocultural monitoring --- community engagement --- community-based management --- indigenous knowledge --- indigenous science --- Hawaiʻi --- human land use footprint --- traditional ecological knowledge --- biocultural restoration --- social-ecological system --- Hawaiian Islands --- biocapacity --- sustainability --- sacred ecology --- biocultural conservation --- Hawai‘i --- biocultural resource management (BRM) --- ahupuaa --- social-ecological community --- social-ecological zone --- traditional resource management --- konohiki --- co-management --- institutional fit --- social-ecological systems --- fisheries --- breadfruit --- food systems --- Artocarpus altilis --- indigenous resource management --- traditional agriculture --- indigenous agriculture --- biocultural --- restoration --- food energy water --- ecosystem services --- cultural services --- sustainable agriculture --- taro --- wetland agriculture --- flooded field systems --- lo‘i kalo --- sediment --- cultural revitalization --- sweet potato --- kava --- sugarcane --- research ethics --- mariculture --- aquaculture --- community restoration --- conservation ecology --- Native Hawaiian fishpond --- microbes --- microbial source tracking --- Native Hawaiian --- agro-ecology --- ‘āina momona

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