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audiences --- Sociology of cultural policy --- Ghent --- Gent --- Theater --- Museums --- cultuurbeleid --- enquêtes --- musea --- museumbezoek --- toneel --- toneelbezoek --- publieksonderzoeken --- economische politiek --- België --- 355.1 --- Belgische economische politiek --- Gent. --- publiekswerking --- cultuurbeleid.

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The Committee considers that the post-2015 development framework should incorporate the core principles articulated in the Millennium Declaration and be built around the central objective of expanding people’s freedoms in a sustainable and equitable way with security from adverse shocks. Formulation and implementation of the global development agenda must also accord with the fundamental principle of inclusive participation. This framework should be applicable to all countries, not only developing countries. The development model underlying the MDGs has not worked as intended. Progress on poverty eradication has been slow and uneven. Multiple and intertwined crises have emerged with financial, energy and food security crises coexisting against the background of an unsustainable depletion of the world’s natural resource base. In this regard, countries should define national sustainable development strategies that integrate the macroeconomic, productive, social and environmental dimensions. Such strategies should aim at increasing the level of productive diversification and technological complexity of national economies in order to create decent employment on a sustainable basis, while social equity and environmental sustainability are promoted The MDGs have effectively forged a global consensus and mobilized public support for eradicating global poverty. However, they were narrow in scope and did not sufficiently address the specificities at the country level. The MDGs put great emphasis on social spending, and have kept the agenda transparent and focused, but this approach brought an oversimplification of the policy agenda. Furthermore, the world is now confronting a series of challenges, both old and new, which requires new policies and international frameworks that: generate a more balanced distribution of both the benefits of globalization and the responsibility for its costs, consider the interdependence among issues and enhance coherence at various levels, and pay increased attention to inter-temporal decisions in order to manage risks and improve security of achievements accomplished. The success of alternative development strategies also depends on a fundamental revision of development cooperation and global partnership. The challenges of reaching inclusive and sustainable global development require a thorough reconsideration of existing trade, financial and other architectures to provide much needed global public goods in a coherent and efficient manner. A pro-development framework in the areas of finance, trade, international labour movement, and technology transfer is essential. This framework should be supported by a stronger and more democratic international governance structure and legislation that covers issues not being addressed at present. The United Nations Millennium Declaration embodied an international appeal for globalization to become a positive force for all, based on principles of solidarity, equality, dignity and respect for nature. An expression of that consensus, the resulting Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have been instrumental in galvanizing international efforts in eradicating poverty and promoting development as global priorities. Looking forward, it is imperative that the world community continues to be committed to the unified vision embodied in the Millennium Declaration. In order to realize this vision, a transformative framework with a broader, more nuanced and context-specific development strategy is essential. The present Policy Note proposes principles and policy alternatives for a post-2015 development agenda, in the light of lessons learned from the MDG experience and the key development challenges that have emerged in recent years.

Développement économique --- Economic development --- Economic growth --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- Economic policy --- Economisch beleid --- Economische ontwikkeling --- Economische politiek --- National planning --- Politiek [Economische ] --- Politique économique --- State planning --- E-books --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Development, Economic --- Growth, Economic --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse

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In 2011, the International Monetary Fund invited prominent economists and economic policy makers to consider the brave new world of the post-crisis global economy. The result is a book that captures the state of macroeconomic thinking at a transformational moment. The crisis and the weak recovery that has followed raise fundamental questions concerning macroeconomics and economic policy. For instance, to what extent are financial markets efficient and self-correcting? How crucial is low and stable inflation for growth and the real stability of the economy? How strong is the case for open capital markets? Too often, the standard models provided insufficient guidance on how to respond to the unprecedented situations created by the crisis. As a result, policy makers have been forced to improvise. What to do when interest rates reach the zero floor? How best to provide liquidity to segmented financial institutions and markets? How much to use fiscal policy starting from high levels of debt? These top economists discuss future directions for monetary policy, fiscal policy, financial regulation, capital account management, growth strategies, and the international monetary system, and the economic models that should underpin thinking about critical policy choices. Among the new realities they consider are the swing of the pendulum toward regulation; the need for new theoretical approaches, incorporating advances in agency theory, behavioral economics, and understanding of credit markets and finance based on theories of imperfect information; and the importance for macroeconomic policy to target not just inflation but also output and financial stability. This title is copublished with The MIT Press.

Economic conditions. Economic development --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Fiscal policy --- Monetary policy --- Economic development --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009. --- -Monetary policy --- -Economic development --- -AA / International- internationaal --- 331.31 --- 338.2 --- 339.9 --- 339.5 --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Global Economic Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Subprime Mortgage Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Financial crises --- Economisch beleid. --- Economisch beleid. Economische politiek. Geleide economie. Plan --"tijd" --- Buitenlandse economische betrekkingen. Internationale economische betrekkingen --- Government policy --- 339.9 Buitenlandse economische betrekkingen. Internationale economische betrekkingen --- 338.2 Economisch beleid. Economische politiek. Geleide economie. Plan --"tijd" --- AA / International- internationaal --- Economisch beleid --- ECONOMICS/Macroeconomics

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Colonialism --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- Economic policy --- Economisch beleid --- Economische politiek --- Histoire politique --- International politics --- Internationale politiek --- National planning --- Political history --- Politics [International ] --- Politics [World ] --- Politiek [Economische ] --- Politiek [Internationale ] --- Politiek [Sociale ] --- Politieke geschiedenis --- Politique internationale --- Politique sociale --- Politique économique --- Sociaal beleid --- Social policy --- Sociale politiek --- State planning --- World politics --- E-books --- AA / International- internationaal --- 050 --- 355 --- developpement economique --- milieubeleid --- Officiële publicaties (per land). --- Milieu --- economische ontwikkeling --- politique de l'environnement --- Officiële publicaties (per land)

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Colonialism --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- Economic policy --- Economisch beleid --- Economische politiek --- Histoire politique --- International politics --- Internationale politiek --- National planning --- Political history --- Politics [International ] --- Politics [World ] --- Politiek [Economische ] --- Politiek [Internationale ] --- Politiek [Sociale ] --- Politieke geschiedenis --- Politique internationale --- Politique sociale --- Politique économique --- Sociaal beleid --- Social policy --- Sociale politiek --- State planning --- World politics --- E-books --- AA / International- internationaal --- 050 --- 331.31 --- 338.8 --- 311.94 --- Officiële publicaties (per land). --- Economisch beleid. --- Economische groei. --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking. --- Officiële publicaties (per land) --- Economische groei --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking