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1871-1890 : les syndicats ne structurent pas encore la revendication des salariés. Flamboyante, surprenante, dramatique aussi, la grève est l’expression fondamentale d’une classe ouvrière qui passe à cette époque du monde de l’atelier à celui de l’usine. En mobilisant et en exploitant des sources multiples, on s’est efforcé de reconstituer l’histoire des grèves dans la France de la IIIe République, et sans négliger aucune dimension du phénomène. L’évolution et le rythme des grèves, leur développement et leur fluctuation, l’ensemble des composantes d’une grève (les types de revendications, la sociologie de l’engagement ouvrier) font la matière du premier livre. Le « cours d’une grève » - comment elle commence, comment elle dure, comment elle se finit - occupe le second, avec une attention particulière à la diversité des formes d’action, au rôle respectif des organisations et des hommes - qui sont les « meneurs » ? - et à la vie collective des grévistes, à leurs gestes, à leur parole. Cet ouvrage tente d’allier la rigueur d’une approche quantitative d’un fait social aux suggestions d’une littéraire foisonnante, et d’aider ainsi à la connaissance d’un monde ouvrier extrêmement mouvant, en quête de lui-même. De la Commune aux premières ébauches de grève générale, le parcours pionnier qu’il nous propose est devenu une pièce maîtresse pour la constitution d’une sociologie historique des conflits du travail.
Strikes and lockouts --- History --- Combinations of labor --- Lockouts --- Work stoppages --- Direct action --- Labor disputes --- Strikebreakers --- ouvriers --- grève --- Troisième République --- Commune
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Cet ouvrage est le contraire d'un dictionnaire. Il ne parle pas de « langue » ; il ne prétend pas régenter les significations, par delà les emplois concrets du vocabulaire, pour édifier un répertoire de normes généralisables. Bien au contraire, c'est aux situations qu'il s'arrête, dans le fouillis de l'histoire, afin de saisir les différences d'utilisation davantage que les consensus, ces instants de fracture qui justement font avancer la langue. D'où l'aspect hétérogène d'un recueil d'articles et de chroniques d'origines diverses. Pour tous ces textes disparates, l'objectif est cependant le même : saisir la forme ou le fond d'un terme au moment d'une « entrée en politique », en entendant par « forme » sa manière d'être dans l'énoncé, ses liens aux autres mots, le rythme de ses fréquences, sa spécificité d'emploi, et par « fond » les stratégies qui se servent de lui au cours d'échanges entre locuteurs ou de situations d'affrontement dont la parole est témoin et actrice. Lors de ces échanges, se dissimulent - ou se révèlent - les enjeux profonds voire les idéologies d'arrière-plan qui habitent les mots et les liaisons entre mots. Ces études de cas, plus ou moins élaborées selon les supports, convergent vers une conception de l'émergence du sens que nous appelons « étymologie sociale ». This work is the opposite of a dictionary. It does not deal with “language”; it does not claim authority over meanings, beyond the concrete use of vocabulary items, to compile a directory of generalisible criteria. On the contrary, it focuses on situations, drawn from the chaos of history, to identify differences in usage rather than consensus, those moments of rupture which move language forward. Hence the disparate nature of a collection of articles and chronicles from various sources. For all these disparate texts, however, the aim is the same: to identify the form and content of a term at the moment when it “entered politics”, taking “form” to be its distinctive character in the…
French language --- Strikes and lockouts --- Combinations of labor --- Lockouts --- Work stoppages --- Direct action --- Labor disputes --- Strikebreakers --- discours --- idéologie --- langage politique --- sociolinguistique
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Terrorist groups--both inside and outside the al Qaeda network--sometimes form mutually beneficial partnerships to exchange ""best practices."" These exchanges provide terrorist groups with the opportunity to innovate (i.e., increase their skills and expand their reach). Understanding how terrorist groups exchange technology and knowledge, therefore, is essential to ongoing and future counterterrorism strategies. This study examines how 11 terrorist groups in three areas (Mindanao, the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and southwest Colombia) have attempted to exchange technologies and knowledge in an
Terrorism. --- Terrorism --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Technological innovations.
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Measures to prevent vulnerable individuals from radicalizing and to rehabilitate those who have already embraced Islamist extremism have been implemented in several Middle Eastern, Southeast Asian, and European countries. This monograph describes and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of these programs and proposes steps that can be taken to promote and accelerate deradicalization processes.
Extremists. --- Fanatics --- Terrorism --- Radicalism --- Persons --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Prevention --- Religious aspects --- Islam.
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Negli ultimi tre anni l’Europa e il Nord America sono state colpite da un’ondata senza precedenti di attacchi terroristici, eseguiti da individui ispirati dall’ideologia jihadista. Chi sono gli autori di questi attentati? Sono nati e cresciuti in Occidente o sono rifugiati e migranti? Come si sono radicalizzati? Erano ben istruiti e integrati o, al contrario, vivevano ai margini della società? Hanno agito da soli? Quali erano le loro connessioni con lo Stato Islamico? Rispondere a questi e altri interrogativi è utile per comprendere la natura e la portata della minaccia e per riuscire a individuare soluzioni politiche adeguate, basate sull’evidenza empirica. Lo studio – il primo di questo tipo – mira ad analizzare il profilo demografico, le traiettorie di radicalizzazione e i legami con lo Stato Islamico degli individui che hanno compiuto attacchi di matrice jihadista in Europa e Nord America dalla proclamazione del sedicente Califfato nel giugno del 2014.
Terrorism --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror
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Zwei Staaten, ein Problem. Nirgendwo in Europa verübten linksextreme Terroristen während der 1970er Jahre so viele blutige Attentate wie in Italien und in der Bundesrepublik. Südlich der Alpen verschärften neofaschistische Anschläge die Lage noch. Die beiden jungen Demokratien sahen sich gezwungen, auf diese militante Herausforderung zu reagieren. Die Interaktion von Terrorismus, Staat und Gesellschaft prägte ein Jahrzehnt, das in doppelter Hinsicht als "bleiern" empfunden wurde: wegen der drückenden Atmosphäre unter dem Primat der Inneren Sicherheit und wegen der Wiederkehr bewaffneter Gewalt in der politischen Auseinandersetzung. Wie wurde diese Krise bewältigt? Nahmen dabei der demokratische Staat und die liberale Gesellschaft Schaden? Ein vergleichender Blick auf beide Länder verspricht neue Antworten.
Terrorism --- History --- Government policy --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror
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The study of terrorism represents one of the major turning points in criminology of the twenty-first century. In the space of just two decades, research on terrorism and political extremism went from a relatively uncommon niche to a widely recognized criminological specialization. Terrorism research now appears in nearly all mainstream criminology journals; college courses on terrorism and political violence have been added to the curricula of most criminology departments; and a growing number of criminology students are choosing terrorism as a suitable topic for class papers, research topics, theses and dissertations. The purpose of this book is to explore similarities and differences between terrorism and more ordinary forms of crime. This Element considers the ways that criminology has contributed to the study of terrorism and the impact the increasing interest in terrorism has had on criminology. This Element also provides empirical comparisons of terrorist attacks to more ordinary crimes and criminal offenders. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Criminology. --- Terrorism. --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Crime --- Social sciences --- Criminals --- Study and teaching
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Research following the terrorist attacks July 22nd 2011 has been especially challenging, due to the extreme nature of the events and the trauma for those involved; both directly as victims and indirectly as family, relatives and friends.
Research --- Victims of terrorism --- Terrorism victims' families. --- Terrorism --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Research. --- Norway. --- Research ethics --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Families --- Terrorism victims --- Victims of crimes --- informed signed consent --- ethics --- sensitive research data --- research ethics
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Examines the effects that liberalization processes and democracy promotion have had on terrorism and political violence in six Arab countries.
Democratization. --- Democratization --- Political violence --- Terrorism --- Government - Asia --- Government - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Arab countries --- Politics and government. --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Political science --- New democracies --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Subversive activities --- Terror
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Demokratischer Staat und terroristische Herausforderung Nicht erst die Epoche nach "9/11", sondern schon die 1970er Jahre waren eine Ära des grenzenlosen Terrorismus. Mehrmals hielten transnational vernetzte und operierende Terroristen die Regierungen und die Öffentlichkeit in Westeuropa durch Geiselnahmen in Atem. Besonders spektakulär waren das Olympia-Attentat von München (1972), die OPEC-Geiselnahme in Wien (1975) sowie die Molukkeranschläge in Den Haag, Beilen und Amsterdam (1974/75). Wie reagierten die betroffenen Staaten auf diese neue Herausforderung, in der die Grenzen zwischen innerer Sicherheit und Außenpolitik verschwammen? Matthias Dahlke zeigt anhand erstmals ausgewerteter Dokumente, wie drei verschiedene westeuropäische Regierungen auf unterschiedlichen Wegen zum Grundsatz der Unnachgiebigkeit gelangten, zugleich aber auch Geheimabsprachen mit Terroristen nicht scheuten. Der transnationale und vergleichende Ansatz, der die gesamtgesellschaftlichen Prozesse einbezieht, ermöglicht eine neue Sicht auf die europäische Geschichte der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Staat und Terrorismus.
Terrorism -- Austria. --- Terrorism -- Germany (West). --- Terrorism -- Netherlands. --- Terrorism --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror
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