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This reprint examines regulatory, pricing and reimbursement issues related to the market access and uptake of off-patent biologics, biosimilars, next-generation biologics and competing innovative medicines in European countries.

Value analysis (Cost control) --- cost containment. --- Containment, Cost --- Cost containment --- Cost reduction --- Costs, Industrial --- Value engineering --- Cost control --- Cost effectiveness --- Industrial engineering

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Disease management. --- Clinical medicine --- Health services administration --- Medical care --- Decision making --- Cost control

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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book presents results relevant in the manufacturing research field, that are mainly aimed at closing the gap between the academic investigation and the industrial application, in collaboration with manufacturing companies. Several hardware and software prototypes represent the key outcome of the scientific contributions that can be grouped into five main areas, representing different perspectives of the factory domain: 1) Evolutionary and reconfigurable factories to cope with dynamic production contexts characterized by evolving demand and technologies, products and processes. 2) Factories for sustainable production, asking for energy efficiency, low environmental impact products and processes, new de-production logics, sustainable logistics. 3) Factories for the People who need new kinds of interactions between production processes, machines, and human beings to offer a more comfortable and stimulating working environment. 4) Factories for customized products that will be more and more tailored to the final user’s needs and sold at cost-effective prices. 5) High performance factories to yield the due production while minimizing the inefficiencies caused by failures, management problems, maintenance. This books is primarily targeted to academic researchers and industrial practitioners in the manufacturing domain.

Industrial engineering. --- Industrial and Production Engineering. --- Management engineering --- Simplification in industry --- Engineering --- Value analysis (Cost control) --- Production engineering. --- Manufacturing engineering --- Process engineering --- Industrial engineering --- Mechanical engineering --- Production engineering

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This analysis uses data from Selected Acquisition Reports to determine the causes of cost growth in 35 mature major defense acquisition programs. Four major sources of growth are identified: (1) errors in estimation and scheduling, (2) decisions by the government, (3) financial matters, and (4) miscellaneous. The analysis shows that more than two-thirds of cost growth (measured as simple averages) is caused by decisions, most of which involve quantity changes, requirements growth, and schedule changes.

United States -- Armed Forces -- Weapons systems -- Costs. --- United States. Dept. of Defense -- Procurement -- Cost control. --- Military Administration --- Military & Naval Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- United States. --- Procurement --- Cost control. --- United States --- Armed Forces --- Weapons systems --- Costs. --- D.O.D. --- DOD (Department of Defense) --- Mei-kuo kuo fang pu --- Ministerstvo oborony SShA --- Министерство обороны США --- National Military Establishment (U.S.)

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Zwei in mancher Hinsicht zusammenhaengende Problemfelder werden durch die in diesem Band versammelten Beitraege namhafter Kenner des deutschen Gesundheitssystems - ueberarbeitete Fassungen von Vortraegen im April 2013 - untersucht: das seit langem kontrovers diskutierte Thema des Ob und Wie einer Vereinheitlichung des aus privater und gesetzlicher Krankenversicherung bestehenden Dualismus der Absicherung gegen Krankheit und die Frage wie, mit welchen Standards und durch wen (inwieweit auch durch die Gerichte?) der Leistungskatalog der sozialen Krankenversicherung bestimmt werden sollte. Diese

Cost effectiveness. --- Value analysis (Cost control) --- Value engineering --- Cost control --- Cost effectiveness --- Industrial engineering --- Benefit cost analysis --- Capital output ratios --- Cost benefit analysis --- Costs, Industrial --- Engineering economy --- Altersrückstellungen --- Dualismus GKV PKV --- Ebsen --- Gestaltung --- Gesundheitsversorgung --- Kosten-Nutzen-Abwägung --- Leistungsanspruch --- Optionen --- Perspektiven --- Portabilität --- Probleme --- rechtlicher --- Stand --- Wallrabenstein