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The use of wheel-individual drives on the steered axle simultaneously enables propulsion and implementation of steering assistance. This work presents a closed-loop and open-loop method for controlling wheel-selective drives with the aim of reducing the steering wheel torque. The proposed optimal linear-quadratic-integral controller achieves a high control quality while ensuring driving safety and reducing energy consumption.

Mechanical engineering & materials --- wheel individual --- steering assistance --- steering torque --- closed-loop control --- Open-loop control --- radselektiv --- Lenkkraftunterstützung --- Lenkradmoment --- Regelung --- Steuerung

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Circular solutions are essential to tackle the eminent challenges of depleting resources and emerging environmental problems. The complex nature of material and energy systems and the changing of economic and technological conditions differ among countries and, therefore, lead to the application of vastly different practices in developed and rapidly developing countries of the world. A wide variety of theoretical approaches can be used to facilitate a shift from the linear use of resources to circular systems, e.g., circular product planning, life cycle planning, sharing and platform economy, refurbishing, and remanufacturing, to name but a few. The introduction and examination of circular solutions can be based on theoretical models in order to guarantee ensure successful application. Successful application of innovative technology approaches, business solutions, and organizational development can be facilitated through theoretical models and new scientific results that support innovation processes. This Special Issue reprint focuses on sustainable and innovative methods which help and enable the proper use and recovery of resources. We present a collection of research papers, reviews, research reports, and case studies that introduce or discuss circular solutions for the sustainable use of resources.

service-based economy --- sharing economy --- car-sharing --- bike-sharing --- shared office --- Business Model Canvas --- business sustainability movements --- circular economy --- life cycle --- sustainable development --- human economics --- short supply chains --- local food --- food waste --- environmental burden --- consumer behavior --- producers --- Car2Go --- DriveNow --- GreenGo --- MOL LIMO --- sustainability --- economies of scale --- fixed bed pyrolysis --- oxidation-reduction zone --- reduction of tar in gas --- the significance of biomass particle size --- carbon cycle --- consumer attitudes --- LCA --- paper production --- CO2 emission --- water consumption --- water footprint --- Japan --- recycle --- disposable paper diaper --- material recycling --- closed-loop recycling --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- circular solution --- environmental assessment --- product lifecycle --- short supply chain --- biomass utilisation

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Visual servoing is a well-known approach to guide robots using visual information. Image processing, robotics, and control theory are combined in order to control the motion of a robot depending on the visual information extracted from the images captured by one or several cameras. With respect to vision issues, a number of issues are currently being addressed by ongoing research, such as the use of different types of image features (or different types of cameras such as RGBD cameras), image processing at high velocity, and convergence properties. As shown in this book, the use of new control schemes allows the system to behave more robustly, efficiently, or compliantly, with fewer delays. Related issues such as optimal and robust approaches, direct control, path tracking, or sensor fusion are also addressed. Additionally, we can currently find visual servoing systems being applied in a number of different domains. This book considers various aspects of visual servoing systems, such as the design of new strategies for their application to parallel robots, mobile manipulators, teleoperation, and the application of this type of control system in new areas.

head-mounted display --- virtual reality --- motion-to-photon latency --- Hydraulic Servo System --- SMCSPO --- Bilateral Control --- Estimated Reaction Force --- Master–Slave Configuration and Nuclear Power Plant --- spray painting robot --- FPAG --- GA --- ACO --- PSO --- TTOI problem --- visual compass --- orientation estimation --- hybrid features --- plane tracking --- vanishing direction --- Manhattan World --- RGB-D camera --- visual servoing --- optimal control --- mobile manipulator --- dynamic control --- fuzzy neural network --- sliding mode control --- picking robot --- parallel robot --- dynamic model --- closed-loop output-error identification --- optical CMM sensor --- image-based visual servoing --- image feature loss --- industrial robots --- switch control --- n/a --- Master-Slave Configuration and Nuclear Power Plant

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This course-tested text is an ideal starting point for engineers and physicists entering the field of particle accelerators. The fundamentals are comprehensively introduced, derivations of essential results are provided, and a consistent notation style used throughout the book allows readers to quickly familiarize themselves with the field, providing a solid theoretical basis for further studies.   Emphasis is placed on the essential features of the longitudinal motion of charged particle beams, together with the corresponding RF generation and power amplification devices for synchrotron and storage ring systems. In particular, electrical engineering aspects such as closed-loop control of system components are discussed.   The book also offers a valuable resource for graduate students in physics, electronics engineering, or mathematics looking for an introductory and self-contained text on accelerator physics.

Physics. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Nanoscale Science and Technology. --- Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences. --- Particle acceleration. --- Microwaves. --- Physique --- Particules (Physique nucléaire) --- Micro-ondes --- Accélération --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Particle accelerators. --- Synchrotrons. --- Storage rings. --- Particle storage rings --- Synchrotron --- Accelerators, Particle --- Atom smashers --- Charged particle accelerators --- Mathematical physics. --- Nanoscale science. --- Nanoscience. --- Nanostructures. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Optical engineering. --- Particle accelerators --- Nuclear physics --- Accelerator mass spectrometry --- Instruments --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Acceleration --- Measurement   . --- Physical mathematics --- Nanoscience --- Nano science --- Nanoscale science --- Nanosciences --- Science --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Mechanical engineering --- Closed-loop Control --- Longitudinal Beam Dynamics --- Low-Level RF (LLRF) Systems --- Particle Accelerator Technology --- RF Accelerating Cavities and Power Amplification --- Radio Frequency Systems --- Synchrotrons

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This book focuses on some fundamental issues of polymers’ natural degradation. It is mostly devoted to the different aspects of biodegradation, but some data on the action of water, oxygen, ozone, and UV/Vis light is also included. The consideration of the biodegradation in vivo as the superposition of decay and synthesis provides the opportunity for a fresh look at well-known processes.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- gelatin methacryloyl --- osteoinduction --- tannic acid --- crosslinking --- hydrogel --- biodegradable --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) --- chitosan --- electrospinning --- thermal oxidation --- biodegradation --- Sturm’s method --- biodegradation rates --- arterial hypertension --- vertebral cartilage --- rhomboid fossa --- anaerobic digestion --- biosorbent --- biostimulant --- magnetite --- nanoparticles --- kinetic model --- polyvinyl chloride (PVC) --- pyrolysis --- thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) --- kinetics --- thermodynamics --- artificial neural networks (ANN) --- mechanochemical method --- recycled polyurethane foam --- orthogonal test --- tensile strength --- thermal conductivity --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- deep eutectic solvents --- polyethylene terephthalate --- Box-Behnken design --- microwave depolymerization --- biodegradable polyester --- ultrafine electrospun fibers --- tetraphenylporphyrin --- metalloporphyrin complexes --- Fe(III) --- Sn(IV) --- X-ray diffraction --- DSC --- spin probe EPR method --- SEM --- biopolymeric nanoparticles --- synthesis --- applications --- medicine --- agriculture --- mechanical recycling --- closed-loop --- polyolefins --- circular testing --- polymer degradation --- epoxy resin --- composite material --- hygrothermal ageing --- water diffusion --- Fick model deviation --- statistical analysis --- box plot --- PCA --- titanium silicon oxide --- hydrolytic degradation --- titania --- silica --- antimicrobial activity --- photocatalytic degradation --- n/a --- Sturm's method