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In the late nineteenth century, as a consequence of imperial conquest and a mobility revolution, Russia became a crossroads of the hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca. The first book in any language on the hajj under tsarist and Soviet rule, Russian Hajj tells the story of how tsarist officials struggled to control and co-opt Russia's mass hajj traffic, seeing it not only as a liability, but also an opportunity. To support the hajj as a matter of state surveillance and control was controversial, given the preeminent position of the Orthodox Church. But nor could the hajj be ignored, or banned, due to Russia's policy of toleration of Islam. As a cross-border, migratory phenomenon, the hajj stoked officials' fears of infectious disease, Islamic revolt, and interethnic conflict, but Kane innovatively argues that it also generated new thinking within the government about the utility of the empire's Muslims and their global networks. Russian Hajj reveals for the first time Russia's sprawling international hajj infrastructure, complete with lodging houses, consulates, "Hejaz steamships," and direct rail service. In a story meticulously reconstructed from scattered fragments, ranging from archival documents and hajj memoirs to Turkic-language newspapers, Kane argues that Russia built its hajj infrastructure not simply to control and limit the pilgrimage, as previous scholars have argued, but to channel it to benefit the state and empire. Russian patronage of the hajj was also about capitalizing on human mobility to capture new revenues for the state and its transport companies and laying claim to Islamic networks to justify Russian expansion.

Muslim pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Islam and state --- History. --- Mecca, hajj, pilgrimage, Russia, Colonialism, Arab world.

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The Arab Spring revolutions of 2011 sent shockwaves across the globe, mobilizing diaspora communities to organize forcefully against authoritarian regimes. Despite the important role that diasporas can play in influencing affairs in their countries of origin, little is known about when diaspora actors mobilize, how they intervene, or what makes them effective. This book addresses these questions, drawing on over 230 original interviews, fieldwork, and comparative analysis. Examining Libyan, Syrian, and Yemeni mobilization from the US and Great Britain before and during the revolutions, Dana M. Moss presents a new framework for understanding the transnational dynamics of contention and the social forces that either enable or suppress transnational activism. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Arab Spring, 2010 --- -Arabs --- Arab countries --- Politics and government --- Arab Awakening, 2010 --- -Arab countries --- Arab world --- Arabic countries --- Arabic-speaking states --- Islamic countries --- Middle East --- sociology --- political science --- Middle East studies --- international migration

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Durant les derniers siècles du Moyen Âge, Aden, grand port du Sud de l'Arabie, solidement arrimé aux pans d'un volcan insulaire, occupa une place exceptionnelle sur la route des épices, entre Orient et Occident. Escale essentielle pour les navires, où se croisaient marchands et produits les plus recherchés, relais majeur de la propagation de l'islam dans l'aire indo-océanique, Aden fut la pièce maîtresse d'une politique de vaste ampleur, menée avec obstination par les sultans rasulides du Yémen. Fondée en 1229, la dynastie rasūlide imposa en effet jusqu'en 1454 son autorité et son hégémonie sur l'ensemble du Sud de la péninsule Arabique. Dominant la mer Rouge, craint et respecté par les tribus de l'Arabie et les puissances riveraines de l'océan Indien, l'État rasūlide eut une longévité remarquable en construisant pour partie sa réussite sur l'ouverture de l'Arabie au grand commerce : des rivages d'Aden aux citadelles du Yémen, des portes de La Mekke aux marchés d'Alexandrie, des routes de l'Abyssinie aux vaisseaux de l'Inde. L'histoire du grand commerce oriental et celle du Yémen médiéval ont été longtemps écrites l'une sans l'autre, l'étude d'Éric Vallet permet enfin de les confronter. Abondamment nourrie par des sources originales – archives administratives et fiscales rasulides récemment découvertes –, et des corpus peu connus – l'historiographie du Yémen et de La Mekke –, cette somme érudite met en lumière les ambitions et les conflits qui animèrent l'un des coeurs de l'économie mondiale à la fin du Moyen Âge.

Rasulid dynasty, --- Arab countries --- Yemen (Republic) --- Etats arabes --- Yémen --- Commerce --- History --- Histoire --- Yemen, South --- History. --- Business & Economics --- Local Commerce --- Medieval economic history - Commerce in Arabia - 7th-15th centuries. --- History of Asia --- anno 1200-1499 --- Yemen --- Yémen --- South Yemen --- Arab world --- Arabic countries --- Arabic-speaking states --- Islamic countries --- Middle East --- Arabie --- sultans rasūlides --- Aden --- Etat --- impôt --- ports --- commerce maritime

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Als Objekt der Forschung spielt der Mittelmeerraum in der französischen Geschichtswissenschaft schon sehr lange eine wichtige Rolle. Die deutschsprachige historische Forschung hingegen hat sich erst jüngst dem Mittelmeerraum im Spiegel seiner kulturellen Verflechtungen zugewandt. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, ob das Mittelmeer als Kulturraum der Austauschprozesse und Grenzen nicht ebenso ein historisches Konstrukt ist wie das Mittelmeer der Brüche zwischen Antike und Mittelalter sowie zwischen christlicher und islamischer Welt. Der vorliegende Band vereint Beiträge, die verschiedene Aspekte der historiographischen Konstruktion des Mittelmeerraums beleuchten.

Social change --- History. --- Mediterranean Region --- Arab countries --- Historiography. --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Arab world --- Arabic countries --- Arabic-speaking states --- Islamic countries --- Middle East --- Circum-Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Area --- Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Sea Region

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This Special Issue draws attention to religious transformations currently emerging in the Middle East that diverge from the dominating rhetoric surrounding ‘radicalization’, ‘political Islam’, or the ‘Islamic awakening’. Particularly after the Arab uprisings, other currents seem to be coming more to the fore that need careful examination, such as the contemporary realities of religious ambivalence, religious doubts, disengagement from religious movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, the search for alternative forms of spirituality or individualized piety, de-veiling, and different forms of non-conformism, free thinking, non-belief, and atheism. Accordingly, the contributions to this Special Issue provide highly relevant insights into several contemporary debates that are crucial in the social sciences and religious studies. This includes processes of individualization; the study of everyday lived (non-)religion; the anthropology of doubt, ambivalence, and ambiguity; and, last but not least, the deconstruction of the religious–secular divide, a divide that is seen as almost impenetrable according to many actors in the Middle East. This Special Issue consists of a cross-section of current works in social science, religious studies, and related fields on Islam/religion and non-religion in the Middle East. The articles present case studies from different countries in the Middle East, with examples from Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, and Syria, as well as studies on diaspora and social media.

(un)veiling --- gender --- spirituality --- piety --- non-belief --- the self --- Islam --- Egypt --- moral ambivalence --- religious doubt --- Turkey --- Hajj --- Morocco --- everyday life --- self-formation --- anthropology of non-religion --- lived religion --- online activism --- humor --- memes --- nonbelievers --- freethinkers --- atheism --- Syria --- Arab world --- social media --- criticism of Islam --- religiosities --- non-religiosities --- youth --- Alexandria --- processes of individualisation --- Islamism --- Muslim Brotherhood --- disengagement --- the Arab Spring --- social movements --- n/a