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Aquatic ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and home to a diverse array of species and habitats, providing a wide variety of benefits to human beings. Many of these valuable ecosystems are at risk of being irreversibly damaged by human activities and pressures, including pollution, contamination, invasive species, overfishing and climate change. Such pressures threaten the sustainability of these ecosystems, their provision of ecosystem services and ultimately human well-being. Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is now widely considered the most promising paradigm for balancing sustainable development and biodiversity protection, and various international strategies and conventions have championed the EBM cause and the inclusion of ecosystem services in decision-making. This open access book introduces the essential concepts and principles required to implement ecosystem-based management, detailing tools and techniques, and describing the application of these concepts and tools to a broad range of aquatic ecosystems, from the shores of Lough Erne in Northern Ireland to the estuaries of the US Pacific Northwest and the tropical Mekong Delta.

Aquatic ecology . --- Ecosystems. --- Biodiversity. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Aquatic biology --- Biodiversitat --- Ecologia marina --- Ecologia oceànica --- Ecologia dels oceans --- Ecosistemes marins --- Oceanografia biològica --- Biologia marina --- Ecologia aquàtica --- Ecologia d'estuaris --- Ecologia pelàgica --- Productivitat marina --- Diversitat biològica --- Diversitat d'ecosistemes --- Diversitat d'espècies --- Diversitat genètica --- Biologia --- Ecologia --- Recursos genètics --- Biotic communities. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology --- Biodiversity --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology --- Aquatic Biodiversity --- Azores --- Danube River --- Ecosystem Based Management --- Ecosystem Services --- Mediterranean Biosphere Reserve --- Vouga Estuary --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Hydrobiology --- Aquatic ecology.

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This Open Access volume aims to methodologically improve our understanding of biodiversity by linking disciplines that incorporate remote sensing, and uniting data and perspectives in the fields of biology, landscape ecology, and geography. The book provides a framework for how biodiversity can be detected and evaluated—focusing particularly on plants—using proximal and remotely sensed hyperspectral data and other tools such as LiDAR. The volume, whose chapters bring together a large cross-section of the biodiversity community engaged in these methods, attempts to establish a common language across disciplines for understanding and implementing remote sensing of biodiversity across scales. The first part of the book offers a potential basis for remote detection of biodiversity. An overview of the nature of biodiversity is described, along with ways for determining traits of plant biodiversity through spectral analyses across spatial scales and linking spectral data to the tree of life. The second part details what can be detected spectrally and remotely. Specific instrumentation and technologies are described, as well as the technical challenges of detection and data synthesis, collection and processing. The third part discusses spatial resolution and integration across scales and ends with a vision for developing a global biodiversity monitoring system. Topics include spectral and functional variation across habitats and biomes, biodiversity variables for global scale assessment, and the prospects and pitfalls in remote sensing of biodiversity at the global scale.

Biodiversity. --- Remote sensing. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Ecosystems. --- Plant ecology. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant Ecology. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Botany --- Phytoecology --- Plants --- Vegetation ecology --- Ecology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Population biology --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Floristic botany --- Floristic ecology --- Biodiversity --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry --- Plant Sciences --- Plant Ecology --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis --- Plant Science --- Environmental Monitoring --- Remote detection of biodiversity --- Retrieving functional traits from spectra --- Community assembly --- Spectral diversity --- Leaf optical properties --- Hyperspectral field data collection and processing --- Spatial resolution and integration across scales --- Micro and macroscopic structure of leaves --- Detection of disease and decline in forests --- Ocean and aquatic biodiversity --- Open Access --- Geographical information systems & remote sensing --- Botany & plant sciences --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Environmental monitoring --- Biotic communities.