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Les singes s'épouillent, les araignées tissent, les lionnes chassent, les oiseaux chantent et les castors bâtissent. Les activités des animaux ont toujours beaucoup intéressé les biologistes et les psychologues. Mais l'étude des interactions de l'animal avec son milieu ne peut pas s'arrêter là : il faut aussi prendre en compte la perception que cet animal se fait des situations rencontrées ainsi que les émotions qu'il éprouve à leur sujet. Force est de constater que l'étude des comportements a souvent été privilégiée, au détriment d'aspects fonctionnels, qui sont, certes, plus difficiles à objectiver. L'étude de ces questions est essentielle pour mieux comprendre l'animal. Cet ouvrage, très fourni en exemples, très détaillé et très précis, nous offre la possibilité de faire le point sur le champ de l'éthologie cognitive, mais aussi et surtout sur son étendue et sur ses influences.

Cognition in animals. --- Animal behavior. --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Animal cognition --- Animal intelligence --- Behavior --- cognition --- éthologie --- psychologie --- comportement --- animaux --- moeurs

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Dire qu'un animal se comporte à l'égard de ce qui l'entoure qu'est-ce à dire ? Le comportement est constitué par un type de manifestations qui n'appartient qu'à certains vivants ; il forme un flux continu et spontané qu'une étude segmentée détruit nécessairement. Pourtant, ce sont de brèves séquences comportementales isolées au laboratoire que l'on choisit d'étudier. Mais a-t-on encore affaire à un comportement ? Ne l'a-t-on pas ainsi réduit à l'un des éléments qui le composent : les mécanismes physiologiques, le programme génétique, les opérations cognitives, etc. ? Qu'est-ce qu'un animal empêché de se comporter, qui est-il ? On doit alors s'interroger sur les raisons de la prédominance des études de laboratoire et sur les bénéfices qui peuvent être tirés d'une telle production de connaissances. Car ces méthodes décident notamment des conditions de vie de millions de mammifères et d'oiseaux destinés à la consommation. À l'opposé de cette perspective réductionniste, le comportement est compris par les approches phénoménologiques comme l'expression d'une liberté, une relation dialectique avec le milieu. Celles-ci imposent du même coup des conditions d'observation en milieu naturel. Comment, dès lors, élaborer une éthologie plus juste, tant du point de vue de la compréhension du comportement que de celui des besoins, au sens large, des animaux placés sous la domination de l'homme ?

Animal behavior --- Reductionism --- Science --- Animaux --- Réductionnisme --- Sciences --- Philosophy --- Moeurs et comportement --- Philosophie --- French philosophy --- Animal behaviour --- Reductionnisme --- Réductionnisme --- Animal behavior. --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Behavior --- philosophie --- animalité --- éthologie --- réductionnisme --- comportement --- animaux --- moeurs --- Animalité (philosophie) --- Éthologie --- Observation --- Méthode comparative --- Congrès

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This open access book sets out to explain the reasons for the gap between “knowing” and “doing” in view of self-reliance, which is more and more often expected of citizens. In today’s society, people are expected to take responsibility for their own lives and be self-reliant. This is no easy feat. They must be on constant high alert in areas of life such as health, work and personal finances and, if things threaten to go awry, take appropriate action without further ado. What does this mean for public policy? Policymakers tend to assume that the government only needs to provide people with clear information and that, once properly informed, they will automatically do the right thing. However, it is becoming increasingly obvious that things do not work like that. Even though people know perfectly well what they ought to do, they often behave differently. Why is this? This book sets out to explain the reasons for the gap between ‘knowing’ and ‘doing’. It focuses on the role of non-cognitive capacities, such as setting goals, taking action, persevering and coping with setbacks, and shows how these capacities are undermined by adverse circumstances. By taking the latest psychological insights fully into account, this book presents a more realist perspective on self-reliance, and shows government officials how to design rules and institutions that allow for the natural limitations in people’s ‘capacity to act’.

Public policy. --- Animal behavior. --- Consciousness. --- Social work. --- Public Policy. --- Behavioral Sciences. --- Personality and Social Psychology. --- Social Work. --- Benevolent institutions --- Philanthropy --- Relief stations (for the poor) --- Social service agencies --- Social welfare --- Social work --- Human services --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Spirit --- Self --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Behavior --- Behavioral sciences. --- Personality. --- Social psychology. --- Mass psychology --- Psychology, Social --- Human ecology --- Social groups --- Sociology --- Personal identity --- Personality psychology --- Personality theory --- Personality traits --- Personology --- Traits, Personality --- Individuality --- Persons --- Temperament --- Political science --- Public policy --- Behavioral sciences --- Personality --- Social psychology

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This open access book sets out the contours of feminist political ecology (FPE) as a major contribution to ongoing debates in the field. In an innovative methodological twist, the edited book engages the reader in conversations that have emerged from the multi-sited and cross-generational dialogues of the Well-Being Ecology Gender cOmmunities (WEGO) network over the last four years. The conversations explore topics that range from climate change and extractivism, to body politics and health, degrowth, care and community well-being. The authors reflect on their collective learning process as they map out the new directions of FPE research and analysis. The chapters highlight WEGO transnational/transdisciplinary conversations with local communities, social movements and different academic spaces. The book foregrounds the ethics of doing feminist work inside and outside academe and brings to life the importance of doing reflexive research aware of situated historical and contemporary geographical contours of power. Wendy Harcourt is Professor of Gender, Diversity and Sustainable Development at the International Institute of Social Studies of the Erasmus University Rotterdam in The Hague, The Netherlands and was Coordinator of the WEGO Innovative Training Network (2018-2022). Ana Agostino is Lecturer at the Faculty of Culture at the University CLAEH, Uruguay, and at FLACSO. Rebecca Elmhirst is Professor of Human Geography at the University of Brighton, UK. Marlene Gómez is PhD candidate of the WEGO Innovative Training Network at the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. Panagiota Kotsila is ‘Juan de la Cierva’ Fellow at the Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain, and Coordinator of the Political Ecology research line at the Barcelona lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ). .

Economic development. --- World politics. --- Ecology. --- Animal behavior. --- Development Studies. --- Political History. --- Behavioral Ecology. --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Behavior --- Ecology

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This open access book is the biography of one of Britain’s foremost animal welfare campaigners and of the world of activism, science, and politics she inhabited. In 1964, Ruth Harrison’s bestseller Animal Machines triggered a gear change in modern animal protection by popularising the term ‘factory farming’ alongside a new way of thinking about animal welfare. Here, historian Claas Kirchhelle explores Harrison’s avant-garde upbringing, Quakerism, and how animal welfare debates were linked to concerns about the wider ethical and environmental trajectories of post-war Britain. Breaking the myth of Harrison as a one-hit wonder, Kirchhelle reconstructs Harrison’s 46 years of campaigning and the rapid transformation of welfare politics and science during this time. Exacerbated by Harrison’s own actions, the decades after 1964 saw a polarisation of animal politics, a professionalisation of British activism, and the rise of a new animal welfare science. Harrison’s belief in incremental reform allowed her to form ties to leading scientists but alienated her from more radical campaigners. Many of her 1964 demands gradually became part of mainstream politics. However, farm animal welfare’s increasing marketisation has also led to a relative divorce from the wider agenda of social improvement that Harrison once bore witness to. this is the first book to cast light on the interlinked and frequently uneasy histories of post-war British animal welfare activism, science, and legislation. Its unique scope allows it to go beyond limited existing accounts of modern British animal welfare and will be of interest to those interested in animal welfare, environmentalism, and the behavioural sciences. .

History of science --- Veterinary medicine --- History of medicine --- British & Irish history --- Social & cultural history --- History of Science --- Animal Welfare/Animal Ethics --- History of Medicine --- History of Britain and Ireland --- Social History --- Animal Ethics --- Animal Machines --- UK government --- Brambell Committee --- Campaign --- Factory farms --- Veterinary science --- Animal psychology --- Animal emotions --- Farming standards --- Agricultural legislation --- Farm Animal Care Trust (FACT) --- Animal welfare post-Brexit --- Political debate --- Environmentalism --- Open Access --- Bioethics --- European history --- Animal rights activists --- Animal welfare --- History --- Harrison, Ruth, --- Activists, Animal rights --- Advocates, Animal rights --- Animal rights advocates --- Reformers --- Abuse of animals --- Animal cruelty --- Animals --- Animals, Cruelty to --- Animals, Protection of --- Animals, Treatment of --- Cruelty to animals --- Humane treatment of animals --- Kindness to animals --- Mistreatment of animals --- Neglect of animals --- Prevention of cruelty to animals --- Protection of animals --- Treatment of animals --- Welfare, Animal --- Abuse of --- Social aspects --- Science—History. --- Animal welfare—Moral and ethical aspects. --- Medicine—History. --- Great Britain—History. --- Social history. --- History of Science. --- Animal Ethics. --- History of Medicine. --- History of Britain and Ireland. --- Social History. --- Descriptive sociology --- Social conditions --- Social history --- Sociology