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The demand to explore the largest and also one of the richest parts of our planet, the advances in signal processing promoted by an exponential growth in computation power and a thorough study of sound propagation in the underwater realm, have lead to remarkable advances in sonar technology in the last years.The work on hand is a sum of knowledge of several authors who contributed in various aspects of sonar technology. This book intends to give a broad overview of the advances in sonar technology of the last years that resulted from the research effort of the authors in both sonar systems and their applications. It is intended for scientist and engineers from a variety of backgrounds and even those that never had contact with sonar technology before will find an easy introduction with the topics and principles exposed here.

Sonar. --- Asdic --- Echo ranging --- Sound navigation ranging --- Detectors --- Electronics in navigation --- Signals and signaling, Submarine --- Ultrasonic equipment --- Underwater acoustics --- Electronic devices & materials

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Underwater acoustics, despite the relatively short history, has already found practical application in many areas of human activity. It allows, among others, depth research, data transmission, and underwater observation and provides maritime transport safety and security against terrorists. Moreover, underwater acoustic technologies are also widely used in medicine, biology, and many other fields. Therefore, it is one of the most developing areas. This book is a collection of experiences of scientists from around the world engaged in research, design, and construction, as well as the daily use of underwater acoustic systems. Giving this book in the hands of the reader, we hope that it will be a treasure trove of knowledge and inspiration for further research in the field of underwater acoustics.

Underwater acoustics. --- Sound-waves. --- Vibration --- Waves --- Acoustics, Underwater --- Hydroacoustics --- Underwater sound --- Fluids --- Sound --- Acoustic properties --- Engineering --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Mechanical Engineering --- Acoustical Engineering

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The book presents a broad-scope analysis of piezoelectric electromechanical transducers and the related aspects of practical transducer design for underwater applications. It uses an energy method for analyzing transducer problems that provides the physical insight important for the understanding of electromechanical devices. Application of the method is first illustrated with transducer examples that can be modeled as systems with a single degree of freedom, (such as spheres, short cylinders, bars and flexural disks and plates made of piezoelectric ceramics). Thereupon, transducers are modeled as devices with multiple degrees of freedom. In all these cases, results of modeling are presented in the form of equivalent electromechanical circuits convenient for the calculation of the transducers’ operational characteristics. Special focus is made on the effects of coupled vibrations in mechanical systems on transducer performance. The book also provides extensive coverage of acoustic radiation including acoustic interaction between the transducers. The book is inherently multidisciplinary. It provides essential background regarding the vibration of elastic passive and piezoelectric bodies, piezoelectricity, acoustic radiation, and transducer characterization. Scientists and engineers working in the field of electroacoustics and those involved in education in the field will find this material useful not only for underwater acoustics, but also for electromechanics, energy conversion and medical ultrasonics.

Piezoelectric transducers. --- Underwater acoustics. --- Technology & Engineering / Acoustics & Sound. --- Acoustics, Underwater --- Hydroacoustics --- Underwater sound --- Fluids --- Sound --- Piezoelectric devices --- Transducers --- Acoustic properties --- Acoustic Transduction. --- electroacoustics. --- electromechanical circuits. --- piezoelectric transducers. --- underwater sound.

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This open-access book empowers its readers to explore the acoustic world of animals. By listening to the sounds of nature, we can study animal behavior, distribution, and demographics; their habitat characteristics and needs; and the effects of noise. Sound recording is an efficient and affordable tool, independent of daylight and weather; and recorders may be left in place for many months at a time, continuously collecting data on animals and their environment. This book builds the skills and knowledge necessary to collect and interpret acoustic data from terrestrial and marine environments. Beginning with a history of sound recording, the chapters provide an overview of off-the-shelf recording equipment and analysis tools (including automated signal detectors and statistical methods); audiometric methods; acoustic terminology, quantities, and units; sound propagation in air and under water; soundscapes of terrestrial and marine habitats; animal acoustic and vibrational communication; echolocation; and the effects of noise. This book will be useful to students and researchers of animal ecology who wish to add acoustics to their toolbox, as well as to environmental managers in industry and government.

Zoology. --- Acoustics. --- Ecology. --- Animal behavior. --- Physiology. --- Underwater acoustics. --- Behavioral Ecology. --- Animal Physiology. --- Underwater Acoustics. --- Acoustics, Underwater --- Hydroacoustics --- Underwater sound --- Fluids --- Sound --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Natural history --- Acoustic properties --- Physiology --- Behavior --- Ecology --- Animal Communication --- Bioacoustics --- Echolocation --- Hearing --- Sound production --- Vocalization --- Biotremology --- Syrinx --- Anthropogenic noise --- Mate choice --- Stridulation --- Sound. --- Animal sounds. --- Animal language --- Animal communication --- Nature sounds --- Acoustics --- Continuum mechanics --- Mathematical physics --- Physics --- Pneumatics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Sons dels animals --- Enregistrament i reproducció del so

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This Special Issue, entitled “Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering”, aims to present to interested researchers and engineers the latest achievements in the field of new research methods, as well as the original results of scientific research carried out with their use—not only in laboratory conditions but also in selected case studies. The articles published in this Special Issue are theoretical–experimental and experimental, and also show the practical nature of the research. They are grouped by topic, and the main content of each article is briefly discussed for your convenience. These articles extend the knowledge in the field of non-destructive testing in civil engineering with regard to new and improved non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, their complementary application, and also the analysis of their results—including the use of sophisticated mathematical algorithms and artificial intelligence, as well as the diagnostics of materials, components, structures, entire buildings, and interesting case studies.

conveyor belt --- climatic factors --- thermal shocks --- mechanical properties --- applied geophysics --- urban geophysics --- Eleftheria Square --- ERT --- probability-based ERT inversion (PERTI) method --- GPR --- EMI --- impact-echo --- tooth gear impactor --- contact duration --- delamination --- rapid scanning --- non-destructive testing --- concrete slab --- building defects --- building diagnosis --- building envelope --- building inspection system --- urgency of repair --- historic buildings --- brick walls --- nondestructive testing --- artificial neural networks --- Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) --- passive house (PH) --- heat flux meter (HFM) --- quantitative infrared thermography (QIRT) --- building thermal performance --- U-value --- Mediterranean climate --- electrical resistivity --- electrical impedance --- concrete --- mortar --- measurement accuracy --- ultrasonic elastography --- underground detection --- soil inspection --- underwater acoustics --- non-destructive test --- monitoring --- housing --- buildings --- façade --- thermal transmittance --- HFM method --- infrared thermography --- solar loading thermography --- lock-in thermography --- passive thermography --- thermal thickness --- thermal effusivity --- infrastructure --- NDT --- onsite X-ray bridge inspection --- 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray sources --- PC bridge --- unfilled grout --- quantitative evaluation of stage of unfilled grout --- step-heating thermography --- active thermography --- linear effusivity fit --- ground-penetrating radar --- signal features --- material moisture --- classification --- machine learning --- moisture measurements --- building floors --- civil engineering --- crack measurement --- image processing --- high resolution --- working distance --- crack width --- visual inspection --- structure state assessment --- ground sample distance (GSD) --- sonic resonant method --- impulse excitation technique --- resonant frequency --- steel fiber reinforced concrete --- fiber orientation --- micro-computed tomography --- ultrasound --- spectral induced polarization --- small force --- load --- instrumental signal --- two-point bending test --- strain gauge --- calibration equation --- n/a --- façade