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Concessions were strictly delimited enclaves within key trading cities in China, ceded to and governed by foreign powers after ‘unequal treaties’ resulting from military campaigns. Within the international concession of Tientsin (today’s Tianjin), a city to the south-east of Beijing, nine nations were present (1860-1946), but the Austro-Hungarian concession (1901-17) fell into oblivion. Filling this scientific gap is the overall goal of this book: its urban and architectural history will be contextualised here for the first time, making use of hitherto unknown archival material. Konzessionen waren genau abgesteckte Handelsenklaven in Chinesischen Handelsstädten, die in Folge aufgezwungener Verträge nach kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen an fremde Besatzungsmächte übergeben und von jenen verwaltet wurden. Innerhalb der Internationalen Konzession von Tientsin (heute Tianjin), einer Stadt südöstlich von Peking, waren zwischen 1860 und 1946 insgesamt neun Nationen präsent, jedoch ist die Österreichisch-Ungarische Konzession (sie bestand zwischen 1901 und 1917) heute komplett in Vergessenheit geraten. Ziel der vorliegenden Publikation ist es, diese wissenschaftliche Fehlstelle zu schließen: ihre städtebauliche und architektonische Entwicklungsgeschichte wird hier das erste Mal kontextualisiert, und dies mit bisher unbekanntem Archivmaterial untermauert.

Austria-Hungary, Concession, China, Tientsin/Tianjin, Architectural History, Global History, Colonialism, Cultural Heritage --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Architecture (2012) -- History of architecture (201201) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- History, Archaeology (601) -- History, Archaeology (6010) -- Global history (601023) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Architecture (2012) -- Building cultural heritage (201215) --- Österreich-Ungarn, Konzession, China, Tientsin/Tianjin, Architekturgeschichte, Globalgeschichte, Kolonialismus, Kulturerbe --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Architektur (2012) -- Architekturgeschichte (201201) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (601) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (6010) -- Globalgeschichte (601023) --- ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Architektur (2012) -- Baukulturelles Erbe (201215) --- Tianjin (China) --- Austria --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- Foreign relations

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This book brings together the latest research results of air quality assessment standards and sustainable development in developing countries. The content is full and the discussion is vivid. These articles are suitable for students and researchers at all levels seeking to understand the status of air pollution, governance standards, and governance effects in developing countries.

greenhouse gases --- collaborative filtering --- Euclid approach degree method --- hierarchical linear model --- pollution --- adaptive clustering analysis --- evolutionary game --- fuzzy comprehensive evaluation --- spatial and temporal difference --- livestock --- AQI --- rough set --- air pollutant --- fuzzy optimization model --- air quality --- Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region --- functional ANOVA --- environmental supervision --- environmental governance --- primary pollutants --- emission inventory --- N) model --- Beijing --- sustainable development --- PM2.5 concentrations --- environmental target-setting --- entropy weight method --- comprehensive pollution index analysis --- attribute reduction --- functional principal component analysis --- AQI indicators --- Jiangsu province --- vehicle --- haze --- air quality evaluation standards --- China --- interval grey number --- PM2.5 --- carbon emissions --- linear time-varying GM(1 --- forecasting --- grey correlation analysis --- measurement and environment --- performance --- whistleblowing --- relevance analysis --- PSR Model --- wind power development --- air pollution --- spatial and temporal distribution characteristics

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This special issue aims to contribute to the climate actions which called for the need to address Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, keeping global warming to well below 2°C through various means, including accelerating renewables, clean fuels, and clean technologies into the entire energy system. As long as fossil fuels (coal, gas and oil) are still used in the foreseeable future, it is vital to ensure that these fossil fuels are used cleanly through abated technologies. Financing the clean and energy transition technologies is vital to ensure the smooth transition towards net zero emission by 2050 or beyond. The lack of long‐term financing, the low rate of return, the existence of various risks, and the lack of capacity of market players are major challenges to developing sustainable energy systems.This special collected 17 high-quality empirical studies that assess the challenges for developing secure and sustainable energy systems and provide practical policy recommendations. The editors of this special issue wish to thank the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) for funding several papers that were published in this special issue.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- industrial energy intensity --- pollution emission intensity --- quantile DID method --- Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei coordinated development --- China --- environmental Kuznets curve --- CO2 emission --- energy efficiency --- economic growth --- panel ARDL --- DEA --- energy transition --- renewables --- hydrogen --- fossil fuels --- emissions --- FDIA --- blockchain --- data exchanging --- under-operating agents --- ISO --- electricity market --- Saudi Arabia --- energy sustainability --- world energy trilemma index --- Bayesian Belief Network --- green technology --- sustainability --- climate change --- Southeast Asia --- energy policy --- high-efficiency --- low-emission --- carbon dioxide emissions --- carbon pricing --- subcritical --- desulphurization --- denitrification --- cost–benefit analysis --- levelized cost of electricity --- energy supply security --- energy dependence --- energy diversity --- business as usual (BAU) --- Alternative Policy Scenarios (APSs) --- clean technologies --- and resiliency --- multi plant firms --- environmental assessment --- local-global performance --- wind energy --- power trade --- counterfactual scenario --- ASEAN --- natural gas --- multi-objective --- goal programming --- optimization --- allocation --- connectivity --- energy infrastructure --- Mekong Subregion --- green bonds --- post-COVID-19 era --- Asia and the Pacific --- green finance --- sustainable development --- thermal energy storage (TES) --- latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) --- circular economy --- environmental sustainability --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- physico-chemical characterization --- Coats–Redfern model --- flammability --- integral model --- iso-conversional --- wind farm site selection --- multi-criteria decision-making system --- Analytic Hierarchy Process --- Semnan province --- ArcGIS

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This research topic aims at enterprise-wide modeling and optimization (EWMO) through the development and application of integrated modeling, simulation and optimization methodologies, and computer-aided tools for reliable and sustainable improvement opportunities within the entire manufacturing network (raw materials, production plants, distribution, retailers, and customers) and its components. This integrated approach incorporates information from the local primary control and supervisory modules into the scheduling/planning formulation. That makes it possible to dynamically react to incidents that occur in the network components at the appropriate decision-making level, requiring fewer resources, emitting less waste, and allowing for better responsiveness in changing market requirements and operational variations, reducing cost, waste, energy consumption and environmental impact, and increasing the benefits. More recently, the exploitation of new technology integration, such as through semantic models in formal knowledge models, allows for the capture and utilization of domain knowledge, human knowledge, and expert knowledge toward comprehensive intelligent management. Otherwise, the development of advanced technologies and tools, such as cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things, the Industrial Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Blockchain, etc., have captured the attention of manufacturing enterprises toward intelligent manufacturing systems.

manufacturing process --- additive manufacturing --- IoT --- computer systems and networks --- 3D printing --- digital twin --- Industry 4.0 --- pharmaceutical manufacturing --- biopharmaceutical manufacturing --- process modeling --- mixed-integer linear programming --- bin-packing problem --- material requirements planning --- agri-supply chain management --- variable production rate --- optimal resources --- imperfect production --- eco-efficient production --- closed-loop scheduling --- scheduling stability --- optimal control and scheduling --- fouling --- heat exchanger networks --- continuous manufacturing --- bioprocessing --- process systems engineering --- single-use technology --- AGV—Automated Guided Vehicles --- DES—Discrete Event Simulation --- FMS—Flexible Manufacturing Systems --- OEE—Overall Equipment Efficiency --- WCLcWorld Class Logistic --- abrasive water jet --- cutting --- surface quality --- quality prediction --- 3D simulation modeling and analysis --- model implementation --- bottleneck analysis --- production costs --- resource conservation --- smart manufacturing --- edge computing --- machine learning --- blockchain --- Industrial Internet of Things --- inventory management --- supply chain --- multi-echelon --- stochastic programming --- reinforcement learning --- digitalisation --- model-based --- computational engineering --- process simulation --- LNG terminal --- operational optimization --- BOG compressor --- MINLP --- enterprise process architecture --- new technologies integration --- process intelligence --- real-time monitoring --- fault detection --- predictive process adjustment --- vacuum gripper --- sensor data --- Tri-X Intelligence --- cyber-physical systems --- human-cyber systems --- intelligent systems --- intelligent manufacturing --- multi-parametric programming --- explicit MPC --- enterprise-wide optimisation --- set-point tracking --- algebraic geometry --- continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing --- model predictive control --- state estimation --- quality-by-control (QbC) --- glidant effects --- plant-model mismatch --- regional logistics --- low-carbon economy --- cloud model --- comprehensive evaluation --- Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region --- pharmaceutical manufacture --- uncertainty --- operational flexibility --- operational envelopes --- modeling --- n/a --- AGV-Automated Guided Vehicles --- DES-Discrete Event Simulation --- FMS-Flexible Manufacturing Systems --- OEE-Overall Equipment Efficiency