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Ein Riss im Rotor ruft eine lokale Steifigkeitsänderung hervor. Die vorliegende Arbeit ermittelt die Steifigkeitsänderung einer angerissenen Welle. Dazu wird ein Kohäsivzonenmodell eingesetzt. Das Modell wurde für die erste Rissöffnungsmode bei ebenem Verzerrungszustand in Abhängigkeit der Mehrachsigkeit des Spannungszustandes (Triaxialität) entwickelt. Außerdemwird das Kohäsivzonenmodell bei einem eindimensionalen Kontinuumsrotor als FE Modell ausgeführt.

Cohesive zone model --- cracked rotor --- stiffness variation

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Myofibroblasts (MFB) are found in most tissues of the body. They have the matrix-producing functions of fibroblasts and contractile properties that are known from smooth muscle cells. Fundamental work of the last decades has shed remarkable light on their origin, biological functions and role in disease. During hepatic injury, they fulfill manifold functions in connective tissue remodeling and wound healing, but overshooting activity of MFB on the other side induces fibrosis and cirrhosis. The present e-book "Liver myofibroblasts" contains 9 articles providing comprehensive information on "hot topics" of MFB. In our opening editorial we provide a short overview of the origin of MFB and their relevance in extracellular matrix formation which is the hallmark of hepatic fibrosis. Thereafter, leading experts in the field share their current perspectives on special topics of (i) MFB in development and disease, ii) their role in hepatic fibrogenesis, and (iii) promising therapies and targets that are suitable to interfere with hepatic fibrosis.

Xanthohumol --- Hepatic Stellate Cells --- therapy --- Portal myofibroblasts --- Cytoglobin --- miRNA --- Myofibroblasts --- Autophagy --- Matrix stiffness --- NADPH Oxidase

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Understanding the underlying mechanisms of how axons and dendrites develop is a fundamental problem in neuroscience and a main goal of research on nervous system development and regeneration. Previous studies have provided a tremendous amount of information on signaling and cytoskeletal proteins regulating axonal and dendritic growth and guidance. However, relatively little is known about the relative contribution and role of cytoskeletal dynamics, transport of organelles and cytoskeletal components, and force generation to axonal elongation. Advancing the knowledge of these biomechanical processes is critical to better understand the development of the nervous system, the pathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases, acute traumatic injury, and for designing novel approaches to promote neuronal regeneration following disease, stroke, or trauma. Mechanical properties and forces shape the development of the nervous system from the cellular up to the organ level. Recent advances in quantitative live cell imaging, biophysical, and nanotechnological methods such as traction force microscopy, optical tweezers, and atomic force microscopy have enabled researchers to gain better insights into how cytoskeletal dynamics and motor-driven transport, membrane-dynamics, adhesion, and substrate rigidity influence axonal elongation. Given the complexity and mechanical nature of this problem, mathematical modeling contributes significantly to our understanding of neuronal mechanics. Nonetheless, there has been limited direct interaction and discussions between experimentalists and theoreticians in this research area. The purpose of this Frontiers Research Topic is to highlight exciting and important work that is currently developing in the fields of neuronal cell biology, neuronal mechanics, intracellular transport, and mathematical modeling in the form of primary research articles, reviews, perspectives, and commentaries.

neuronal development --- neuronal mechanics --- Axonal elongation --- force --- Neuronal morphology --- stiffness --- glia --- Neuronal transport

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The comparison between methods, evaluation of portal hypertension and many other questions are still open issues in liver elastography. New elastographic applications are under evaluation and close to being used in clinical practice. Strain imaging has been incorporated into many disciplines and EFSUMB guidelines are under preparation. More research is necessary for improved evidence for clinical applications in daily practice. The Special Issue published papers on recent advances in development and application of Ultrasound Elastography.

ultrasonography --- elastography --- anti-HBV therapy --- pediatric --- WFUMB --- measurement variability --- tendon stiffness --- pancreas --- patellar positions --- point of care ultrasound --- time of day --- chronic hepatitis B --- quantification --- chronic hepatitis C --- EFSUMB --- stiffness --- liver cirrhosis --- liver fibrosis --- computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) --- guideline --- liver stiffness --- Achilles tendon --- bending energy --- ultrasound elastography --- acoustic radiation force impulse --- tendinopathy --- texture analysis --- power spectrum --- magnetic resonance imaging --- strain ratio --- thyroid cancer --- prior activity --- direct acting antivirals --- strain quantification --- patellar tendon --- shear wave elastography (SWE) --- cine-tagging --- cirrhosis --- health care --- shear wave elastography --- Crohn’s disease --- contrast enhanced ultrasound --- HCV core antigen --- shear modulus --- therapy --- ultrasound --- supersonic shear imaging --- carcinoma --- quantitative --- leg dominance --- viral hepatitis C --- strain elastography --- endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

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Corrugated and composite materials can significantly outperform traditional materials. Nowadays, such materials have gained more and more attention and application not only in theoretical, experimental or numerical scientific studies but also in daily industrial problems, which require innovative solutions. The specific geometry of a corrugated layer, or the combination of two or more materials in the structures allows the mechanical properties with specific features favorable for use in a specific engineering problem to be obtained. For example, due to the specific compositions of the corrugated materials, the ratio of the load capacity to the weight of the sections is much higher than that of traditional solid sections. Therefore, such materials should be used when the weight of the structure must be optimized or the structure must have openwork geometry. Among others, the composites can be employed for a variety of purposes, for example, in corrugated boards in the packaging industry; in soft-core sandwich panels, window frames in structural engineering; in wings in commercial, civilian and military aerospace applications; in the vehicle and its equipment devices, including, panels, frames or other interior components; in fans, grating, tanks, ducts and pumps in environmental installations; in electrical engineering in switchgear, motor controls, control system components or circuit breakers; and in many more. This Special Issue “Mechanics of Corrugated and Composite Materials” addresses selected knowledge gaps and aids advance in this area.

corrugated board --- numerical homogenization --- strain energy equivalence --- finite element method --- plate stiffness properties --- shell structures --- transverse shear --- corrugated cardboard --- edge crush test --- orthotropic elasticity --- digital image correlation --- composites --- sandwich panel --- composite structural insulated panel --- magnesium oxide board --- bimodular material --- experimental mechanics --- computational mechanics --- finite element analysis --- perforation --- creasing --- flexural stiffness --- torsional stiffness --- sandwich panels --- local instability --- strain energy --- wrinkling --- orthotropic core --- box strength estimation --- packaging flaps --- crease line shifting --- compressive stiffness --- corrugated box --- compression strength --- pallet --- unit load --- unit load optimization --- composite sandwich structures --- thin-walled structures --- anisotropic material --- corrugated core --- homogenization approach --- first-order shear deformation theory --- FSDT --- FEM simulation --- design process --- aluminium-timber structures --- laminated veneer lumber (LVL) --- toothed plate --- screwed connection --- shear connection --- push-out test --- honeycomb panels --- starch --- impregnation --- climatic conditions --- strength --- stiffness --- energy absorption --- homogenization method --- lattice materials --- periodic cellular materials --- multiscale mechanics --- aluminium powder --- detonation --- explosive --- combustion --- oxidation --- equation of state --- n/a --- localizing gradient damage --- gradient activity function --- tension --- concrete cracking --- impact load --- dynamics --- air operation safety --- flying risk --- risk management --- unmanned aerial vehicles