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Steppe --- Steppes --- Microclimat --- microclimate --- Steppe ecology --- arid zones --- steppes --- Bioclimatology --- Biogeography --- Basic Sciences. Biology --- Biogeography. --- Arid zones --- Désertification --- Desertification --- Biodiversity --- Climatology --- Sustainable development --- Fauna --- Flora --- resource management --- North Africa --- Ecology --- Areography (Biology) --- Geographical distribution of animals and plants --- Species --- Species distribution --- Biology --- Geography --- Bioclimatics --- Biometeorology --- Geographical distribution --- Desertification. --- Bioclimatology - Africa, North --- Biogeography - Africa, North --- Steppe ecology - Africa, North --- ARID REGIONS --- BIOCLIMATOLOGY --- BIOGEOGRAPHY --- DESERTIFICATION --- STEPPES --- NORTH AFRICA --- BIODIVERSITY --- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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"Roughly half the world's population speaks languages derived from a shared linguistic source known as Proto-Indo-European. But who were the early speakers of this ancient mother tongue, and how did they manage to spread it around the globe? Until now their identity has remained a tantalizing mystery to linguists, archaeologists, and even Nazis seeking the roots of the Aryan race. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language lifts the veil that has long shrouded these original Indo-European speakers, and reveals how their domestication of horses and use of the wheel spread language and transformed civilization. Linking prehistoric archaeological remains with the development of language, David Anthony identifies the prehistoric peoples of central Eurasia's steppe grasslands as the original speakers of Proto-Indo-European, and shows how their innovative use of the ox wagon, horseback riding, and the warrior's chariot turned the Eurasian steppes into a thriving transcontinental corridor of communication, commerce, and cultural exchange. He explains how they spread their traditions and gave rise to important advances in copper mining, warfare, and patron-client political institutions, thereby ushering in an era of vibrant social change. Anthony also describes his fascinating discovery of how the wear from bits on ancient horse teeth reveals the origins of horseback riding. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language solves a puzzle that has vexed scholars for two centuries--the source of the Indo-European languages and English--and recovers a magnificent and influential civilization from the past."--Jacket.
Historical linguistics --- Indo-European languages --- Proto-Indo-European language --- Bronze age - Eurasia --- Horses - Eurasia - History --- Animals and civilization - Eurasia - History --- Proto-Indo-European language. --- Bronze age --- Wheels --- Horses --- Animals and civilization --- Steppes --- Dialectes proto-indoeuropéens --- Age du bronze --- Roues --- Chevaux --- Animaux et civilisation --- History --- History. --- Histoire --- Eurasia --- Eurasie --- Civilization --- Civilisation --- Civilization and animals --- Human-animal relationships --- Equus caballus --- Farriery --- Hippology --- Horse --- Domestic animals --- Equus --- Livestock --- Pachyderms --- Hinnies --- Mules --- Proto-Aryan language --- Protoindoeuropean language
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Forest-steppes occupy a wide zone between Eurasian closed canopy forests and open steppes and feature a mosaic of woody and herbaceous vegetation. Due to the occurrence of structurally, compositionally, and environmentally strongly different habitats in close proximity, high spatial heterogeneity is one of the key characteristics of forest-steppe ecosystems. This volume presents ten contributions examining forest-steppe heterogeneity and its effects on environmental factors, plant communities, and animals.
carbon cycling --- natural stable isotope abundance --- nitrogen cycling --- soil organic matter --- temperate grassland --- drought tolerance --- forest–steppe ecotone --- hydraulic strategy --- hydraulic trait --- interspecific association --- interspecific relationships --- species co-occurrence --- semiarid forests --- duration curve --- forest steppe --- sensor network --- spatio-temporal microclimate pattern --- temperature–humidity data logger --- vapour pressure deficit --- pollen analysis --- forest belt --- forest-steppe ecotone --- position migration --- moisture change --- shrub encroachment --- spatial pattern --- temperate savanna --- ecosystem degradation --- sandy grasslands --- Danube-Tisza Interfluve --- morphotaxonomy --- abundance --- community composition --- decomposition --- Shannon diversity --- ecosystem service --- Geotrupidae --- grassland --- indicator species --- land use --- Scarabaeidae --- species richness --- arthropod predation --- connectivity --- dummy caterpillar --- ecosystem function --- edge effect --- forest-steppe --- fragment size --- kurgan --- landscape-scale --- seed predation --- Festuca vaginata --- Festuca pseudovaginata --- Festuca wagneri --- ecological values --- pedological analysis --- diversity --- forest-steppes --- sandy grassland --- grazing-mowing --- NDVI --- Sentinel-2A
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Un quart environ des populations rurales des pays du Sud sont confrontées aux problèmes de l’aridité. Au Moyen-Orient arabe, le contrôle de la dégradation des ressources dans les zones sèches constitue aujourd’hui un des enjeux majeurs pour l’avenir de ces régions. Au cours des quatre dernières décennies, les politiques agricoles ont été concentrées sur le développement de périmètres irrigués au détriment des steppes, régions traditionnellement dévolues à l’élevage et à la production fourragère. Le processus de marginalisation économique de ces régions s’est accompagné d’une marginalisation socio-politique des éleveurs et des agro-pasteurs. Agronomes, archéologues, économistes, ethnologues, géographes, historiens et politologues s’interrogent dans cet ouvrage sur les transformations écologiques des steppes, les stratégies d’adaptation de leurs habitants, les politiques de développement et les relations de pouvoir entre populations locales et décideurs. Quelle est la réalité des phénomènes de dégradation de la végétation et des sols ? Quelles en sont les conséquences à terme ? Qu’est-ce qu’une tribu aujourd’hui et quel est son rôle dans l’organisation de la production ? Qui sont les nouveaux acteurs sociaux qui, outre les groupes bédouins, interviennent dans la transformation des zones sèches ? Dans quelle mesure les États du Moyen-Orient arabe sont-ils maîtres des politiques de développement mises en œuvre ? Autant de questions auxquelles il serait prudent de répondre avant d’entreprendre de nouvelles politiques de développement...
Arabian Peninsula --- Arabie (Péninsule) --- Politics and government --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions --- Politique et gouvernement --- Conditions sociales --- Conditions économiques --- Bedouins --- -Rural development --- -Arid regions agriculture --- -Congresses --- Congresses --- Economic aspects --- -Middle East --- Commerce --- Arid regions agriculture --- Rural development --- Bédouins --- Développement rural --- Plant and Crop Sciences. Crop Sciences --- Grasslands --- Grasslands. --- Arabie (Péninsule) --- Conditions économiques --- Middle East --- Déserts --- Bédouins. --- Steppes --- Développement rural --- Conditions rurales --- Congresses. --- Régions arides --- Conditions économiques. --- Bédouins. --- Bédouins --- Moyen-Orient --- Politique et gouvernement. --- Commerce. --- Community development, Rural --- Development, Rural --- Integrated rural development --- Regional development --- Rehabilitation, Rural --- Rural community development --- Rural economic development --- Agriculture and state --- Community development --- Economic development --- Regional planning --- Beduins --- Arabs --- Ethnology --- Nomads --- North Africans --- Dryland agriculture --- Dryland farming --- Agriculture --- Crop zones --- Desert reclamation --- Aménagement rural --- Développement agricole --- Développement communautaire rural --- Développement économique rural --- Projets de développement rural --- Parcs naturels régionaux --- Politique agricole --- Et le développement rural --- Réforme agraire --- Communication dans le développement rural --- Villages --- Chambres d'agriculture --- Emploi en milieu rural --- Femmes dans le développement rural --- Sociétés d'aménagement foncier et d'établissement rural --- Panchayat --- Économie rurale --- Aménagement du territoire --- Développement communautaire --- Développement économique --- Arabes bédouins --- Arabes nomades --- Badawîn --- Badw --- Bijoux bédouins --- Cheikhs --- Droit bédouin --- Musique bédouine --- Rabāba al-shā‘ir --- Bédouines --- Arabes --- Citizen participation --- Social aspects --- Vulgarisation --- Rénovation --- Planification --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Orient --- Asie (ouest) --- Asie (sud-ouest) --- Asie antérieure --- Asie du Sud-Ouest --- Asie occidentale --- Asie sud-occidentale --- Basse Asie --- Croissant fertile --- Machrek --- Machreq --- Mashrek --- Mashreq --- Mashriq --- Orient, Moyen --- -Moyen-Orient --- Pays arabes --- Asie Mineure --- Arabie --- Irak --- Iran --- Persique --- Proche-Orient --- Soudan --- Turquie --- Kurdistan --- Asie --- Kurdes --- Antiquités --- Civilisation --- Étude et enseignement --- Histoire --- Relations extérieures --- Golfe (région) --- Rural development - Middle East --- Bedouins - Middle East --- Middle East - Politics and government --- Middle East - Commerce --- agriculture --- développement rural --- régions arides --- nomades --- commerce --- ʿArab al-Ǧahālīn (peuple arabe) --- Déserts --- Régions arides
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