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At present, a lot of metallurgical solid wastes have not been timely and effectively recycled, resulting in serious problems of environmental pollution and waste of resources. As a result, large-scale comprehensive utilization technologies have been initiated, including slag dry granulation technology, steel slag cement technology, slag wool technology, slag waste heat recovery technology, etc. The comprehensive utilization of metallurgical solid waste has attracted worldwide attention. It is an effective way to improve the utilization efficiency of resources and the added value of products by using scientific metallurgical solid waste recycling methods. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of metallurgical solid wastes comprehensive utilization technology. The comprehensive utilization methods of four representative metallurgical solid wastes are emphatically described, such as blast furnace slag, steel slag, tailings and metallurgical dust.
Metallurgy. --- Oxygen --- Chemical engineering --- Metals --- Ores --- Smelting --- Industrial applications --- Life Sciences --- Waste Management --- Recycling --- Environmental Sciences
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In recent decades scientists and engineers around the globe have been responding to the requirement of high performance materials through innovative material research and engineering. The ever increasing demand on quality and reliability has resulted in some dazzling technological achievements in the area of advanced materials and manufacturing. The purpose of this book is to bring together significant findings of leading experts, in developing and improving the technology that supports advanced materials and process development. From gold nano-structures to advanced superalloys, this book covers investigations involving modern computer based approaches as well as traditional experimental techniques. Selected articles include research findings on advances made in materials that are used not only in complex structures such as aeroplanes but also in clinical treatments. It is envisaged that it will promote knowledge transfer across the materials society including university students, engineers and scientists to built further understanding of the subject.
Metallurgy. --- Oxygen --- Chemical engineering --- Metals --- Ores --- Smelting --- Industrial applications --- Metals technology / metallurgy
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"The Rise of Metallurgy in Eurasia is a landmark study in the origins of metallurgy. The project aimed to trace the invention and innovation of metallurgy in the Balkans. It combined targeted excavations and surveys with extensive scientific analyses at two Neolithic-Chalcolithic copper production and consumption sites, Belovode and Pločnik, in Serbia. At Belovode, the project revealed chronologically and contextually secure evidence for copper smelting in the 49th century BC. This confirms the earlier interpretation of c. 7000-year-old metallurgy at the site, making it the earliest record of fully developed metallurgical activity in the world. However, far from being a rare and elite practice, metallurgy at both Belovode and Pločnik is demonstrated to have been a common and communal craft activity. This monograph reviews the pre-existing scholarship on early metallurgy in the Balkans. It subsequently presents detailed results from the excavations, surveys and scientific analyses conducted at Belovode and Pločnik. These are followed by new and up-to-date regional syntheses by leading specialists on the Neolithic-Chalcolithic material culture, technologies, settlement and subsistence practices in the Central Balkans. Finally, the monograph places the project results in the context of major debates surrounding early metallurgy in Eurasia before proposing a new agenda for global early metallurgy studies."
Metallurgy --- History --- Balkan Peninsula --- Eurasia --- Antiquities. --- Oxygen --- Chemical engineering --- Metals --- Ores --- Smelting --- Industrial applications
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Metamaterials have become one of the most important emerging technologies in the scientific community due to its unusual electromagnetic properties. Consequently, during the last years, a huge deal of efforts has been concentrated in order to design functional components and devices based on metamaterials for many potential applications. The main objective of this book is to present in-depth analysis of the theory, properties, and realizations of novel devices that could be integrated within modern and future communication systems. The book contains 11 chapters written by acknowledged experts, researchers, academics, and microwave engineers, providing comprehensive information and covering a wide range of topics on several aspects of microwaves and optics, including polarization conversion, asymmetric transmission, transmission lines, filters, plasmonic lenses, tunable metamaterials, light manipulation, absorbers, and antennas, among others. This book is suitable for scholars from large scientific domain and therefore given to engineers, scientists, graduates, and other interested professionals as a reference on these artificial materials of tomorrow.
Metallurgy. --- Oxygen --- Chemical engineering --- Metals --- Ores --- Smelting --- Industrial applications --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Materials Science --- Metals and Nonmetals --- Metallurgy
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Si la tendance au regroupement des industries métallurgiques en pôles de taille mondiale paraît inéluctable, il faut tout faire pour que cette évolution n'entraîne pas un affaissement de la France dans ce domaine clé. En effet, si les grands acteurs mondiaux de la Métallurgie ne peuvent plus s'appuyer,comme encore récemment, sur une recherche et un enseignement publics français forts, l'ensemble de notre système s'asséchera et migrera ailleurs. Qui plus est, la perte de substance ira bien au-delà de la R&D, frappant en particulier le tissu de nos PMI/PME. L'Académie des technologies et l'Académie des sciences présentent ici une analyse de la Métallurgie française, établie par un groupe d'experts animé par André Pineau, de l'Académie des technologies, et Yves Quéré, de l'Académie des sciences. Cet ouvrage synthétique, complété par des annexes numérisées, décrit en premier lieu la Métallurgie comme science, en tant que telle, en lien fort avec l'ingénierie, ou génie métallurgique. Il établit ensuite un diagnostic de la situation pour les divers grands secteurs industriels ainsi que pour la recherche et l'enseignement. L'ambition est ici de montrer que la Métallurgie constitue une discipline scientifique à part entière, présente dans des champs innombrables de l'industrie, où elle est source de progrès et réservoir d'emplois ; et de rappeler qu'il faut du temps pour construire des compétences indispensables, tant scientifi ques que techniques, qu'un rien suffi t à détruire. Le rapport montre également que la Métallurgie a perdu, en France, une grande part de sa substance, en raison à la fois de multiples réorganisations industrielles récentes et d'un désengagement du monde académique, largement dû aux effets de mode. C'est pourquoi des mesures urgentes, dans l'enseignement, la recherche universitaire et industrielle, l'information du public, la sensibilisation des décideurs et des acteurs... doivent être impérativement prises. Devant la gravité des évolutions recensées, qui rejaillissent notamment sur les emplois, les compétences, la R&D..., les deux académies proposent aux décideurs, publics et privés, une stratégie déclinée en une série de recommandations : dans chaque domaine est décrit l'état actuel et sont proposées des pistes de développement scientifi que et appliqué. Perdre une position de pôle dans ces domaines est dangereux ; en prendre une de leader est un défi à relever. Nous sommes actuellement à ce tournant et, en cela, nous sommes sans doute condamnés à l'excellence.
Metallurgy. --- Science. --- Engineering. --- Construction --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Oxygen --- Chemical engineering --- Metals --- Ores --- Smelting --- Industrial applications --- Natural sciences --- academy of sciences --- metallurgy
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This book contains 12 chapters with original and innovative research studies in the issues related to the broadly defined creep effect, which concerns not only the area of construction materials but also natural phenomena. The emphasis on the discussion of a new trend of experimental creep testing, which binds the classic creep methods to seek the correlation of parameters obtained in tests, deserves particular attention. This book aims to provide the readers, including, but not limited to, students and doctoral students and also the research personnel and engineers involved in the operation of equipment and structural components as well as specialists in high-temperature creep-resisting materials, with a comprehensive review of new trends in the field of creep-exposed materials and their research methodology. The chapters of this book were developed by respected and well-known researchers from different countries.
Creep testing machines. --- Metallurgy. --- Oxygen --- Chemical engineering --- Metals --- Ores --- Smelting --- Creep machines --- Testing-machines --- Industrial applications --- Composite Materials --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Materials Science --- Metallurgy
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Materials science is the magic that allows us to change the chemical composition and microstructure of material to regulate its corrosion-mechanical, technological, and functional properties. Five major classes of stainless steels are widely used: ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation hardening. Austenitic stainless steels are extensively used for service down to as low as the temperature of liquid helium (-269ºC). This is largely due to the lack of a clearly defined transition from ductile to brittle fracture in impact toughness testing. Steels with ferritic or martensitic structures show a sudden change from ductile (safe) to brittle (unsafe) fracture over a small temperature difference. Even the best of these steels shows this behavior at temperatures higher than -100ºC and in many cases only just below zero. Various types of stainless steel are used across the whole temperature range from ambient to 1100ºC. This book will be useful to scientists, engineers, masters, graduate students, and students. I hope readers will enjoy this book and that it will serve to create new materials with unique properties.
Mining engineering. --- Metallurgy. --- Oxygen --- Chemical engineering --- Metals --- Ores --- Smelting --- Engineering, Mining --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Engineering --- Industrial applications --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Materials Science --- Metals and Nonmetals --- Metallurgy
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Environmentally sustainable and economic waste management is of significant importance to various fields, including the healthcare, mining, industrial, metal-processing, municipal and commercial sectors. This book provides a global perspective and covers a wide range of state-of-the-art topics on waste management, recycling, material and energy recovery, industrial waste, etc. Information in the form of in-depth reviews and research articles will be a valuable resource for academics, professionals and regional as well as international organizations.
thermo-electrochemical cell --- waste heat harvesting --- carbon fiber --- surface modification --- efficiency --- sustainability --- healthcare waste management --- Saudi Arabia --- social responsibility --- assessment method --- policy analysis --- solid wastes --- MSW --- industrial wastes --- iron/steel sector --- aluminium sector --- copper mining --- decision support system --- combustible MSW --- energy potential --- power potential --- selection of power plant --- dross --- roasting --- calcium chloride --- ammonium chloride --- impurities --- sublimation --- extraction --- zinc --- zinc oxide --- red mud --- iron recovery --- waste utilization --- smelting --- low grade iron ore --- reduction --- n/a
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This Special Issue on “LCA of Energy Systems” contains inspiring contributions on assessing the sustainability of novel technologies destined to shape the future of our energy sector. These include battery-based and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass gasification, national electricity systems, and waste incineration. The analysis of trends and singularities will be invaluable to product designers, engineers, and policy makers. Furthermore, these exercises also contribute to refining the life cycle framework and harmonizing methodological decisions. Our hope is that this should be a step toward promoting the use of science and knowledge to shape a better world for everyone.
life cycle assessment --- battery electric vehicle (BEV) --- plug-in electric vehicle --- energy --- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions --- thermodynamic modeling --- exergy --- e-waste --- secondary copper smelting --- precious metal recovery --- printed circuit board --- coalbed methane development --- risk assessment --- structural entropy weight method --- matter-element extension method --- LCA --- Spain --- renewables --- electricity --- sustainability --- carbon footprint --- employment --- LCOE --- CHP --- biomass --- gasification --- SOFC --- allocation --- multifunctionality --- geothermal energy --- flash technology --- Bagnore power plant --- pedigree matrix --- carbon dioxide capture --- activated carbon --- environmental impacts --- IGCC --- carbon capture economy --- stirling cycle-based heat pump --- gas/oil-fired boilers --- SimaPro --- eco-indicator 99 --- life cycle impact assessment --- distance-to-target weighting --- ecological scarcity --- renewable electricity and heat generation --- decentralized energy system
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There are several major megatrends having an impact on pyrometallurgical metal processing. The steadily growing demand for all metals is strengthened by the emergence of electrical vehicles (EV), which brings a high need for battery metals, but additionally, a significant increase in copper consumption. Even if only moderate forecasts for the number of the EVs become true, production of the base metals must increase by tens of percentages, or even more than double. At the same time, pyrometallurgical processes have to produce fewer side products, such as slag, and maintain the quality level of the primary product, although raw material mixtures are increasingly complex and new elements are entering the processes in secondary raw materials. Therefore, it is imperative to continue the development of pyrometallurgical processes more efficiently and productively, while still improving their selectivity regarding slagging the unwanted material and recovering the desired elements. This Special Issue is for current advances in the pyrometallurgical processing of metals, including all aspects, namely, the basic unit processes and operations in a smelter, metallurgical engineering, furnace integrity, cooling systems, modelling, slag and offgas handling, to name a few. A collection of 13 papers deal with ferrous and ferroalloy development, and the processing of different raw materials for metal production.
blast furnace slag --- TiO2 --- titanium carbonitride --- viscosity --- limonite --- magnetization reduction roasting --- rotary kiln --- deposit --- fayalite --- FeO --- liquid phase --- medium manganese steel --- spinel inclusions --- Ce treatment --- modification mechanism --- copper concentrate --- pyrometallurgy --- flash smelting --- combustion --- classification --- spectroscopy --- PCA --- SIMCA --- PLS-DA --- k-NN --- support vector machines --- scandium --- master alloys --- aluminum alloys --- metallothermy --- vacuum induction melting --- factsage --- nickel laterite --- non-melting reducing --- sodium chloride --- magnetic separation --- garnierite --- vacuum carbothermal reduction --- mechanism --- CaF2 --- recovery --- devolatilization --- torrefied biomass --- bio-coal --- volatile matter --- reduction --- blast furnace --- multistage and deep reduction --- low-oxygen high titanium ferroalloy --- inclusions --- melt separation --- slag-metal separation --- hearth drainage --- iron and slag flow --- interface phenomena --- CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag system --- distribution ratio of phosphorus --- dephosphorization --- n·2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution --- B2O3 --- vanadium–titanium sintering --- metallurgical properties --- microstructures --- Søderberg electrodes --- submerged arc furnace (SAF) --- ferro-alloy production --- ferrochrome --- electrical resistivity --- degree of graphitisation --- bulk density --- porosity --- compressive breaking strength
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