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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

ions --- radicals --- metastable atoms --- plasma chemistry --- synchrotron radiation --- astrochemistry

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For the analysis and optimization of the picosecond pulsed terahertz radiation generated by electron storage rings or other pulsed sources, ultra-fast detectors are required which are able to resolve picosecond dynamic processes directly in the time domain. In this book, a new direct terahertz detector technology based on the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x has been developed which opens new routes in the analysis of picosecond time-domain processes with a wide dynamic range.

terahertz detector --- picosecond temporal resolution --- high-temperature superconductivity --- synchrotron radiation --- electron storage rings

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In the THz frequency range, superconducting detectors coupled to planar antennas are well suited for the use in the field of accelerator beam diagnostics. This work studies the coupling efficiency and spectral sensitivity of different antenna designs. Based on the conclusions, two different detector systems for spectroscopic measurements are developed and verified with measurements at accelerator-based light sources.

Electrical engineering --- Supraleitung --- THz-Detektoren --- Terahertzstrahlung --- Planarantennen --- Synchrotronstrahlung --- superconductivity --- terahertz detector --- terahertz radiation --- planar antennas --- synchrotron radiation

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L'ESRF est le premier synchrotron de troisième génération construit dans le monde, quelques années avant ses homologues américain et japonais. Il offre à ce titre une occasion d'examiner la façon dont est créé un équipement scientifique novateur et les partenariats et coopérations que cela implique. Tel est l'objectif de cet ouvrage qui repose sur trois enquêtes conduites en 1992, 1996 et 2005 et embrasse ainsi aussi bien la phase de construction que celle de l'exploitation. Par son caractère européen l'ESRF constitue en outre un terrain dont l'étude contribue à une meilleure connaissance des processus d'européanisation des sociétés contemporaines. Le synchrotron est enfin un instrument accessible à des utilisateurs très éloignés, voire parfois totalement néophytes, de la physique des hautes énergies typiquement incarnée par l'Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire (CERN). Il nous permet de décrire un autre monde de la recherche, peut-être plus typique et plus représentatif de l'avenir, en ce qu'il est moins autonome et plus divers.

Synchrotrons --- Research --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- International cooperation --- Social aspects --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Synchrotron --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Particle accelerators --- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. --- ESRF --- Installation européenne de rayonnement synchrotron --- Europäische Synchrotron-Strahlungsquelle (Research institute) --- synchrotron --- science --- organisation --- European synchrotron radiation facility --- sociologie

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Nanostructured materials exploit physical phenomena and mechanisms that cannot be derived by simply scaling down the associated bulk structures and phenomena; furthermore, new quantum effects come into play in nanosystems. The exploitation of these emerging nanoscale interactions prompts the innovative design of nanomaterials. Understanding the behavior of materials on all length scales—from the nanostructure up to the macroscopic response—is a critical challenge for materials science. Modern analytical technologies based on synchrotron radiation (SR) allow for the non-destructive investigation of the chemical, electronic, and magnetic structure of materials in any environment. SR facilities have developed revolutionary new ideas and experimental setups for characterizing nanomaterials, involving spectroscopy, diffraction, scatterings, microscopy, tomography, and all kinds of highly sophisticated combinations of such investigation techniques. This book is a collection of contributions addressing several aspects of synchrotron radiation as applied to the investigation of chemical, electronic, and magnetic structure of nanostructured materials. The results reported here provide not only an interesting and multidisciplinary overview of the chemicophysical investigations of nanostructured materials carried out by state-of-the-art SR-induced techniques, but also an exciting glance into the future perspectives of nanomaterial characterization methods.

binding energies --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- laser heating --- crystallization kinetics --- Ge(001)-2 --- supercapacitor materials --- in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- thermal expansion --- XPS --- self-assembling peptides --- multilayers --- magnetic annealing --- metallic glasses --- synchrotron radiation --- micro-mesoporous carbon electrode --- nuclear forward scattering --- NEXAFS --- synchrotron radiation induced spectroscopies --- bioactive materials --- nanostructures --- thin films --- cyclic voltammetry --- room temperature ionic liquids --- titanium alloy --- synchrotron pump-probe powder scattering --- thermal conductivity