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Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Untersuchung der katalytischen Partialoxidation (CPOX) höherer Kohlenwasserstoffe an mit Rhodium beschichteten Wabenkörpern. Die Reaktion ermöglicht die autotherme Generierung von Wasserstoff aus Kraftstoffen wie Benzin und Diesel zur Versorgung von Brennstoffzellen aus bestehenden Versorgungsnetzen.
Kohlenwasserstoffe --- Rhodium --- Partialoxidation --- Fuel Processing --- Wasserstoff
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Zur Bewertung der Umweltrelevanz der Kfz-emittierten PGE (Pt, Pd, Rh) ist das Verständnis ihres Verhaltens im Boden von grundlegender Bedeutung.In dieser Arbeit wurde das Sorptionsverhalten wasserlöslicher PGE an fünf typischen Bodenmineralen (Mn/Fe-Oxide, Kaolinit, Feldspat, Kalk, Quarz) untersucht.
Edelmetallkomplexe --- Adsorption --- Mobilität --- Rhodium --- Platinmetallverbindungen --- Umweltgefährdung --- Palladium
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This book collects articles published in a Special Issue of Molecules entitled "Organic Synthesis via Transition Metal-Catalysis". Transition metal catalysis is a powerful methodology for the direct synthesis of functionalized, high value-added molecules by the assembly of simple units in one step, and is acquiring increasing importance in modern organic synthesis. The book presents seven papers overall, two reviews and five original research articles, dealing with Pd-catalyzed arylation, Rh-catalyzed synthesis of organosulfur compounds, Rh-catalyzed reductive hydroformylation, V-catalyzed oxidation of hydrocarbons, and Zn-, Pd- and Rh-catalyzed cyclization processes, leading to heterocyclic derivatives.
palladium --- indole --- indomethacin --- C-H functionalization --- sulfoximide --- C–H activation --- benzothiazine --- rhodium --- catalysis --- synthesis --- organosulfur compounds --- S-S bond cleavage --- chemical equilibrium --- reversible reaction --- alkynes --- annulation --- benzimidazoxazinones --- heterocycles --- polycyclic heterocycles --- heterocyclization --- zinc --- direct arylation --- pincer complexes --- vanadium(IV) complexes --- biological activity --- catalytic properties --- 8-hydroxyquinoline --- cytotoxicity studies --- hydroformylation --- hydrogenation --- tandem reaction --- n/a --- C-H activation
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This reprint contains contributions focusing on recent developments in the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanocatalysts intended for applications in environmental protection and low carbon footprint power generation processes thanks to the overall effort of scientists and researchers for a cleaner and more sustainable future. New synthetic approaches to the production and in-depth characterization of innovative nanostructured composites and hybrid materials with well-controlled textural and surface chemistry properties that give performance advantages in a variety of important environmental and energy applications such as CO2 utilization/recycling, hydrogen and syngas production, biosensing, and biocatalysis as well as in ways to obtain useful materials from waste are included, among others. This reprint is the result of one of the cutting-edge Special Issues in the field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology organized by Nanomaterials to celebrate its 10th anniversary.
nanocarbon --- rocket fuels --- furfuryl alcohol --- fuming nitric acid --- waste --- hypergolics --- carbon materials --- CO2 methanation --- bimetallic catalysts --- Ni-based catalysts --- promoters --- alloy nanoparticles --- bimetallic synergy --- hybrid nanoflowers --- biosynthesis --- influencing factors --- biosensing cues --- bio-catalysis --- propane --- steam reforming --- hydrogen production --- perovskite --- ruthenium --- rhodium --- La2O2CO3 --- stability --- propane steam reforming --- H2 production --- Ni --- TiO2 --- CeO2 --- YSZ --- ZrO2 --- Al2O3 --- drifts --- n/a --- HDO reaction --- transition metal phosphides --- structure --- acidity --- characterization
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Kinetics and reactor modeling for heterogeneous catalytic reactions are prominent tools for investigating and understanding catalyst functionalities at nanoscale and the related rates of complex reaction networks. This book illustrates some examples related to the transformation of simple to more complex feedstocks, including different types of reactor designs, i.e., steady-state, transient plug flow reactors, and TAP reactors for which there is sometimes a strong gap in the operating conditions from ultra-high-vacuum to high-pressure conditions. In conjunction, new methodologies have emerged, giving rise to more robust microkinetics models. As exemplified, they include the kinetics and the dynamics of the reactors and span a large range of length and time scales. The objective of this Special Issue is to provide contributions that can illustrate recent advances and novel methodologies for elucidating the kinetics of heterogeneous reactions and the necessary multiscale approach for optimizing the reactor design. This book is dedicated to postgraduate and scientific researchers, and experts in heterogeneous catalysis. It may also serve as a source of original information for the elaboration of lessons on catalysis for Master students.
microkinetics --- n/a --- internal effectiveness factor --- FTIR spectroscopy --- automation --- power-law --- AEIR method --- promoter --- TAP reactor --- rhodium --- Temkin model --- mechanism analysis --- H2S --- N2O --- catalytic decomposition --- cracking --- 1 --- 2 --- methanol-to-olefins (MTO) --- zeolite --- ZSM-23 --- kinetic model --- pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor --- methane --- effective diffusion coefficient --- SAPO-18 --- kinetics --- alkali metal --- ZSM-5 --- digitalization --- gas-phase oxidation --- kinetic modeling --- temporal analysis of products --- selective oxidation --- Methyl Ethyl Ketone --- amorphous calcium phosphate --- reactor modeling --- HNO3 --- 3-Butadiene --- transient kinetics --- catalytic combustion --- cobalt mixed oxide --- 3-Butanediol dehydration --- ammonia decomposition --- heats of adsorption --- Pd/?-Al2O3 --- SAPO-34 --- Langmuir–Hinshelwood --- hierarchical graphite felts
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Due to their distinctive properties, ionic liquids have attracted the great and unflagging interest of researchers for over 30 years. This interest has been focused mainly on their use as a green alternative to volatile organic solvents. However, they often act not only as solvents but also as catalysts, catalyst immobilizers and initiators. Over 100 types of chemical reactions are known in which ionic liquids (ILs) were applied successfully. This Special Issue is aimed at showing the most recent advances and trends in the design, synthesis and characterization of catalysts based on ILs, as well as presenting their activity and application potential.
oxidation --- N-hydroxyphthalimide --- immobilization --- ionic liquids --- SCILL --- plasticizers --- acidic catalysis --- terephthalate esters --- ortho-phthalate esters --- esterification --- solvents --- hydrosilylation --- alkynes --- heterogeneous catalysis --- rhodium catalysts --- cellulose --- deep eutectic solvents --- 5-HMF --- biphasic system --- homogeneous catalysis --- supercritical CO2 --- borylative coupling --- catalyst recycling --- green chemistry --- ruthenium catalyst --- vinyl boronates --- organoboron compounds --- biomass --- microwaves --- Michael reaction --- chalcone --- dimethylmalonate --- biphasic catalysis --- platinum complexes --- acidic ionic liquid --- Eucalyptus wood --- furfural --- levulinic acid --- supported ionic liquid catalyst (SILCA) --- palladium --- Heck reaction --- catalyst screening --- optimization --- hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulose --- cellulose recovery and bleaching --- paper industry sludge --- municipal primary sludge --- value-added chemicals --- ionic liquid --- heterogeneous catalyst --- SILPC --- porous ionic liquids --- supported ionic liquid phase --- n/a
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This Special Issue on “Catalysts for Syngas Production”, included in the Catalysts open access journal, shows new research about the development of catalysts and catalytic routes for syngas production, and the optimization of the reaction conditions for the process. This issue includes ten articles about the different innovative processes for syngas production. Synthesis gas (or syngas) is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, with different chemical composition and H2/CO molar ratios, depending on the feedstock and production technology used. Syngas may be obtained from alternative sources to oil, such as natural gas, coal, biomass, organic wastes, etc. Syngas is a very good intermediate for the production of high value compounds at the industrial scale, such as hydrogen, methanol, liquid fuels, and a wide range of chemicals. Accordingly, efforts should be made on the co-feeding of CO2 with syngas, as an alternative for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, more syngas will be required in the near future, in order to satisfy the demand for synfuels and high value chemicals.
x%Co-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 --- steam reforming --- regeneration --- thermal stability --- anti-coking ability --- carbon --- combined Co–Fe species --- deactivation --- hydrogen production --- methane decomposition --- Ni catalysts --- combustion method --- dry reforming of methane --- RWGS reaction --- improved stability --- CH4 --- CeO2 --- dry reforming --- MgO --- Ni --- TiO2 --- syngas production --- hydrogen sulfide --- carbon dioxide --- Ni-Mo sulfide semiconductor --- non-thermal plasma --- methane steam reforming --- bench scale --- effectiveness factor --- Sulfur tolerant water gas shift catalyst --- steam/gas ratio --- Mo–Co/alkali/Al2O3 catalyst --- catalyst deactivation --- syngas --- H2 production --- Hydrogen --- Low Temperature Steam Reforming --- Rh4(CO)12 cluster --- microemulsion synthesis --- CeZr oxide --- Zr oxide --- heterogeneous catalysis --- solar thermochemical --- iridium catalyst --- rhodium catalyst --- catalytic cracking --- ethylene --- carbon nanofilaments --- hydrogen --- n/a --- combined Co-Fe species --- Mo-Co/alkali/Al2O3 catalyst
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Boron, a metalloid with rich chemistry, continues to offer a diverse platform in designing novel catalysts and materials for applications in a variety of areas. This book, while celebrating Professor Todd Marder’s contributions to boron chemistry, on the occasion of his 65th birthday in November 2020, highlights and brings into focus some of the important discoveries in this field, through state-of-the-art reviews and research articles
1,1,1-tri(boryl)alkanes --- 1,2,3-tri(boryl)alkanes --- 1,1,2-tri(boryl)alkanes --- 1,1,2-tri(boryl)alkenes --- synthetic approaches --- synthetic applications --- dicarbollide --- ruthenium --- metallodrug --- kinase inhibitor --- closo-o-carborane --- nido-o-carborane --- intramolecular charge transfer --- deboronation --- color change --- boron --- π-conjugated materials --- opto-electronics --- tetracoordinated --- m-carborane --- electrophilic substitution --- coupling reaction --- organic branches --- Hirshfield Study --- 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadienes --- salt-free reduction --- rotational barrier --- B=N bond --- immobilization of antibodies --- IL-10 --- magnetic nanoparticles --- pre-concentration of antigens --- saliva matrix --- TNF-α --- fluorosulfanyl group --- fluorinated ligands --- phosphines --- rhodium --- iridium --- conjugated hydrocarbon --- isoelectronic molecule --- electronic structure --- quantum chemistry --- singlet-triplet gap --- n/a
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Objects of nanotechnology such as micro- and nanoparticles are very interesting due to their unique properties. This reprint will be useful to scientists of diverse backgrounds, i.e., material science, organic and inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, and biology.
electropolymerization --- poly(Azure B) --- poly(proflavine) --- DNA sensor --- doxorubicin determination --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- calix[4]arene --- NHC complex --- Suzuki–Miyaura coupling --- DPPC vesicles --- heparin/protamine particles --- hepatocyte --- intravenous injection --- lacZ protein --- nanoparticles --- protein delivery --- self-assembling --- antiviral agent --- nanoparticle --- coronavirus --- viral mechanism of entry --- antiviral mechanism --- therapeutic approaches --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- polyol synthesis --- rhodium nanoparticles --- surfactants --- role of additives --- morphology control --- toxicity --- bio-imaging --- X-ray fluorescence --- contrast agent --- XFCT --- nanomaterials --- 2D nanostructures --- thiacalix[4]arene --- terpenoids --- geraniol --- X-ray crystal analysis --- 2D monomolecular-layer nanosheets --- polymorphism --- silica --- polystyrene --- maghemite supraparticles --- patchy particles --- seeded-growth emulsion polymerization --- solvent-induced self-assembly --- pillar[5]arene --- tetrazole --- drug delivery systems --- fluorescein --- ceria --- nanorods --- nanosheets --- nanozyme --- biomolecule --- template --- catalysis --- anti-oxidant --- oxygen radicals --- lithium iron phosphate --- hydrothermal synthesis --- heating rate --- morphology --- crystallinity and purity --- polyelectrolyte multilayers --- encapsulation --- calcium carbonate --- drug delivery --- shrinkage --- layered oxides --- perovskites --- bismuth titanates --- exfoliation --- coating --- silver nanoparticles --- AgNPs --- synthesis --- separation --- purification --- n/a --- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling
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Homogeneous catalysis owes its success, in large part, to the development of a wide range of ligands with well-defined electronic and steric properties, which have thus made it possible to adjust the behavior of many organometallic complexes. However, ligands used in catalysis have long been centered on elements of group 15, and it is only more recently that carbon ligands have proved to be valuable alternatives with the emergence of cyclic diaminocarbenes (NHC).This Special Issue aims to provide a contemporary overview of the advances in carbon ligand chemistry from fundamental aspects to applications.
carbenes --- ylides --- DFT calculations --- electronic structure --- catalysis --- ligands --- structure–activity relationship --- NHC --- nanoparticle --- calixarene --- palladium catalyst --- Suzuki-Miyaura reaction --- amino-acids --- water --- carbon ligand --- amide --- negative charge --- phosphonium ylide --- oxide --- pincer --- metathesis --- ruthenium --- nitro catalysts --- NHC ligands --- olefins --- selenonium ylides --- selenonium salts --- chirality --- stereogenic selenium atom --- asymmetric synthesis --- optical resolution --- reactivity --- malaria --- Plasmodium falciparum --- gold --- NHC-ligands --- hybrid molecules --- drug resistance --- N-heterocyclic carbene --- platinum --- metal complexes --- 195Pt NMR --- N-heterocyclic carbenes --- imidazole --- spectroscopy --- X-ray --- mercury(II) complex --- T-shaped --- carbodiphosphorane --- phosphorus ylides --- pincer ligands --- coordination chemistry --- Cu(I) complex --- photoluminescence --- titanium --- hafnium --- copolymerization of epoxide with CO2 --- density functional theory --- natural bond orbitals --- aromaticity --- ion pairs --- alkali metals --- tropylidenyl ions --- cyclooctatetraene ions --- rhodium --- electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy --- density functional theory (DFT) --- electrochemistry --- carbone complexes --- carbido complexes --- transition metal complexes --- chemical bonding --- pincer ligand --- macrocycle --- lithium --- potassium --- intramolecular C-H activation --- dehydrogenation --- carbone --- ligand --- germylene --- coordination --- ylide --- n/a --- structure-activity relationship
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