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Adult stem cells are responsible for tissue regeneration and repair throughout life. Their quiescence or activation are tightly regulated by common signalling pathways that often recapitulate those happening during embryonic development, and thus it is important to understand their regulation not only in postnatal life, but also during foetal development. In this regard, skeletal muscle is an interesting tissue since it accounts for a large percentage of body mass (about 40%), it is highly amenable to intervention through exercise and it is also key in metabolic and physiological changes underlying frailty susceptibility in the elderly. While muscle-resident satellite cells are responsible for all myogenic activity in physiological conditions and become senescent in old age, other progenitor cells such as mesoangioblasts do seem to contribute to muscle regeneration and repair after tissue damage. Similarly, fibro-adipogenic precursor cells seem to be key in the aberrant response that fills up the space left from atrophied muscle mass and which ends up with a dysfunctional muscle having vast areas of fatty infiltration and fibrosis. The complex interplay between these stem/progenitor cell types and their niches in normal and pathological conditions throughout life are the subjects of intense investigation. This eBook highlights recent developments on the role of stem cells in skeletal muscle function, both in prenatal and postnatal life, and their regulation by transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, it includes articles on interventions associated with exercise, pathological changes in neuromuscular diseases, and stem cell aging.

ageing --- satellite cell --- pericytes --- fibrosis --- myogenesis --- muscular dystrophies --- rejuvenation --- epigenetics --- muscle wasting --- sarcopenia

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Aging of unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms is a convoluted biological phenomenon, which is manifested as an age-related functional decline caused by progressive dysregulation of certain cellular and organismal processes. Many chronic diseases are associated with human aging. These aging-associated diseases include cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases (including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases), and many forms of cancer. Studies in yeast, roundworms, fruit flies, fishes, mice, primates, and humans have provided evidence that the major aspects and basic mechanisms of aging and aging-associated pathology are conserved across phyla. The focus of this International Journal of Molecular Sciences Special Issue is on molecular and cellular mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapies and diseases of aging. Fifteen original research and review articles in this Special Issue provide important insights into how various genetic, dietary, and pharmacological interventions can affect certain longevity-defining cellular and organismal processes to delay aging and postpone the onset of age-related pathologies in evolutionarily diverse organisms. These articles outline the most important unanswered questions and directions for future research in the vibrant and rapidly evolving fields of mechanisms of biological aging, aging-associated diseases, and aging-delaying therapies.

advanced glycated end products --- microRNAs --- n/a --- differentiation --- transcription --- skin absorption --- cellular quiescence --- lifespan --- longevity genes --- protein kinases --- self-renewal --- circadian --- blood–brain barrier --- aging-related disorders --- sirtuin-1 --- inflammation --- arterial aging --- reactive oxygen species --- electron microscopy --- reconstructed human skin --- rejuvenation --- low-dose fluvastatin and valsartan combination --- inflammaging --- hematopoietic stem cell aging --- cell cycle --- mitochondria --- ribose --- the nervous system --- nanomedicine --- proteostasis --- adult stem cells --- immunosenescence --- cell signaling --- mechanisms of quiescence maintenance --- metabolism --- aging --- melatonin --- diabetes --- mechanisms of quiescence entry and exit --- Drosophila melanogaster --- GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) --- blood-brain barrier

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Nutritional deficiencies, and different nutritional and dietary lifestyles, whether poor or absent of essential nutrients, aside from excess intake, can lead to inflammatory complications and loss of function. Bioactive compounds are non-nutritional components derived from plants, foods, and beverages with a multitude of biological effects. The improvement of analytical techniques has allowed scientific community to state that the regular consumption of bioactive phytochemicals is related to the prevention of numerous pathologies, through mechanisms that involve oxidative stress reduction, gene expression modulation, and even enzymatic activation inhibition.

quercetin --- nervous system --- molecular signals --- pharmacological potential --- cognitive impairment. --- micronuclei --- radioprotectors --- radiation effects --- melanoma --- PNT2 --- B16F10 cells --- Ulmus parvifolia --- wound healing --- matrix metalloproteinase --- transforming growth factor --- skin rejuvenation --- kaempferol --- naringin --- orientin --- rutin --- vitexin --- chlorogenic acid --- citric acid --- malic acid --- quinic acid --- rosmarinic acid --- curcumin --- nanocurcumin --- neurological disorders --- nanocarriers --- liposomes --- cancer --- diet --- flavonoids --- food supplements --- hormesis --- phytoestrogens --- sulforaphane --- resveratrol --- cardiovascular disease --- nanomedicine --- liposome --- nanoformulation --- RNA-dependent RNA polymerase --- remdesivir --- chloroquine --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- spike glycoproteins --- Acorus calamus --- ethnomedicinal --- phytochemistry --- toxicity --- pharmacological action --- clinical trial --- neuroprotective --- neurological --- metabolic application --- kurarinone --- coronavirus --- HCoV-OC43 --- autophagy --- infection --- MRC-5 cell --- LC3 --- p62/SQSTM1 protein --- n/a

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Construction materials are the most widely used materials for civil infrastructure in our daily lives. However, from an environmental point of view, they consume a huge amount of natural resources and generate the majority of greenhouse gasses. Therefore, many new and novel technologies for designing environmentally friendly construction materials have been developed recently. This Special Issue, “Environment-Friendly Construction Materials”, has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of construction materials. It covers a wide range of selected topics on construction materials.

fluorescence spectrum --- microstructure --- regeneration --- sensitivity analysis --- asphalt mixes --- limestone aggregates --- bio-oil --- plateau value of dissipated strain energy ratio --- diatomite --- water-leaching pretreatment --- fatigue performance --- ultra-thin wearing course --- recycling aggregate --- design optimization --- induction heating --- vibration noise consumption --- bitumen --- relaxation --- viscous-elastic temperature --- field evaluation --- healing agents --- transmittance --- Ca-alginate microcapsules --- artificially aged asphalt mixture --- sequencing batch Chlorella reactor --- waste concrete --- plant ash lixivium --- steel fiber --- ultra-high performance concrete --- titanate coupling agent --- SEM --- self-healing --- physical properties --- porous pumice --- thermal–mechanical properties --- aggregate morphology --- asphalt mortar --- adhesion energy --- styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified bitumen --- water solute exposure --- emulsified asphalt --- demulsification speed --- mineral-asphalt mixtures --- aging processes --- phase change materials --- surface texture --- long-term drying shrinkage --- contact angle --- aging depth --- asphalt --- calcium alginate capsules --- nitrogen and phosphorus removal --- micro-morphology --- rice husk ash --- low-temperature --- cement --- hydrophobic nanosilica --- asphalt mixture --- thickness combinations --- layered double hydroxide --- initial self-healing temperature --- environmentally friendly construction materials --- epoxidized soybean oil --- limestone --- chemical evolutions --- temperature sensitivity characteristics --- micro-surfacing --- cement emulsified asphalt mixture --- dynamic characteristics --- high-strength concrete --- flame retardant --- durability --- creep --- damping --- damage constitutive model --- Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) --- granite aggregate --- diatomite-modified asphalt mixture --- healing model --- asphalt combustion --- freeze-thaw cycle --- SBS-modified bitumen --- workability --- graphene --- flow behavior index --- fluidity --- parametrization --- fatigue property --- rankinite --- railway application --- crystallization sensitivity --- aqueous solute compositions --- pozzolanic reaction --- self-healing asphalt --- recycled material --- artificial neural network --- rheological properties --- molecular dynamic simulation --- building envelopes --- aluminum hydroxide --- crumb rubber --- optimization --- viscoelasticity --- building energy conservation --- diffusing --- anti-rutting agent --- molecular bridge --- engineered cementitious composites (ECC) --- pavement performance --- morphology --- colloidal structure --- hydrophilic nanosilica --- construction materials --- road engineering --- laboratory evaluation --- rejuvenator --- fatigue equation --- aggregates --- three-point bending fatigue test --- energy-based approach --- aggregate from sanitary ceramic wastes --- polyacrylic acid --- mastic --- CO2 --- specific surface area --- aggregate image measurement system --- solubilizer --- flexibility --- simplex lattice design --- SBS/CRP-modified bitumen --- water stability --- fatigue life --- rejuvenating systems --- skid-resistance --- reclaimed asphalt pavement --- rheology --- hydration characteristic --- surface energy --- modified asphalt materials --- asphalt pavement --- stripping test --- SOD --- tensile stresses --- ultraviolet radiation --- basalt fiber --- “blue-shift” --- polyvinyl alcohol --- sanitary ceramics --- dynamic moduli --- aggregate characteristics --- compound modify --- expanded graphite --- steel slag --- induced healing --- thermal property --- effective heating depth --- dissipated strain energy --- MDA --- mechanical behavior --- plateau value of permanent deformation ratio --- long-term field service --- crack healing --- desulphurization gypsum residues --- pavement failure --- rejuvenation --- interfacial transition zone --- combination --- polyethylene glycol --- adsorption --- tensile strains --- cold recycled asphalt mixture --- resistance to deformations --- asphalt-aggregate adhesion --- viscoelastic properties --- damage evolution --- carbonation --- microwave heating --- amorphous silica --- high-modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM) --- hot mix asphalt containing recycled concrete aggregate --- microfluidic --- dynamic responses --- concrete --- asphalt mastic --- crumb rubber powder --- response surface methodology --- nanomaterial --- self-compacting concrete (SCC) --- rutting factor --- X-ray computed tomography --- fiber modification --- overlay tester --- rubber modified asphalt --- ageing --- aged bitumen --- aged asphalt --- recycling --- damage characteristics --- dynamic tests --- permeation --- ageing resistance

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Construction materials are the most widely used materials for civil infrastructure in our daily lives. However, from an environmental point of view, they consume a huge amount of natural resources and generate the majority of greenhouse gasses. Therefore, many new and novel technologies for designing environmentally friendly construction materials have been developed recently. This Special Issue, “Environment-Friendly Construction Materials”, has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of construction materials. It covers a wide range of selected topics on construction materials.

fluorescence spectrum --- microstructure --- regeneration --- sensitivity analysis --- asphalt mixes --- limestone aggregates --- bio-oil --- plateau value of dissipated strain energy ratio --- diatomite --- water-leaching pretreatment --- fatigue performance --- ultra-thin wearing course --- recycling aggregate --- design optimization --- induction heating --- vibration noise consumption --- bitumen --- relaxation --- viscous-elastic temperature --- field evaluation --- healing agents --- transmittance --- Ca-alginate microcapsules --- artificially aged asphalt mixture --- sequencing batch Chlorella reactor --- waste concrete --- plant ash lixivium --- steel fiber --- ultra-high performance concrete --- titanate coupling agent --- SEM --- self-healing --- physical properties --- porous pumice --- thermal–mechanical properties --- aggregate morphology --- asphalt mortar --- adhesion energy --- styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified bitumen --- water solute exposure --- emulsified asphalt --- demulsification speed --- mineral-asphalt mixtures --- aging processes --- phase change materials --- surface texture --- long-term drying shrinkage --- contact angle --- aging depth --- asphalt --- calcium alginate capsules --- nitrogen and phosphorus removal --- micro-morphology --- rice husk ash --- low-temperature --- cement --- hydrophobic nanosilica --- asphalt mixture --- thickness combinations --- layered double hydroxide --- initial self-healing temperature --- environmentally friendly construction materials --- epoxidized soybean oil --- limestone --- chemical evolutions --- temperature sensitivity characteristics --- micro-surfacing --- cement emulsified asphalt mixture --- dynamic characteristics --- high-strength concrete --- flame retardant --- durability --- creep --- damping --- damage constitutive model --- Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) --- granite aggregate --- diatomite-modified asphalt mixture --- healing model --- asphalt combustion --- freeze-thaw cycle --- SBS-modified bitumen --- workability --- graphene --- flow behavior index --- fluidity --- parametrization --- fatigue property --- rankinite --- railway application --- crystallization sensitivity --- aqueous solute compositions --- pozzolanic reaction --- self-healing asphalt --- recycled material --- artificial neural network --- rheological properties --- molecular dynamic simulation --- building envelopes --- aluminum hydroxide --- crumb rubber --- optimization --- viscoelasticity --- building energy conservation --- diffusing --- anti-rutting agent --- molecular bridge --- engineered cementitious composites (ECC) --- pavement performance --- morphology --- colloidal structure --- hydrophilic nanosilica --- construction materials --- road engineering --- laboratory evaluation --- rejuvenator --- fatigue equation --- aggregates --- three-point bending fatigue test --- energy-based approach --- aggregate from sanitary ceramic wastes --- polyacrylic acid --- mastic --- CO2 --- specific surface area --- aggregate image measurement system --- solubilizer --- flexibility --- simplex lattice design --- SBS/CRP-modified bitumen --- water stability --- fatigue life --- rejuvenating systems --- skid-resistance --- reclaimed asphalt pavement --- rheology --- hydration characteristic --- surface energy --- modified asphalt materials --- asphalt pavement --- stripping test --- SOD --- tensile stresses --- ultraviolet radiation --- basalt fiber --- “blue-shift” --- polyvinyl alcohol --- sanitary ceramics --- dynamic moduli --- aggregate characteristics --- compound modify --- expanded graphite --- steel slag --- induced healing --- thermal property --- effective heating depth --- dissipated strain energy --- MDA --- mechanical behavior --- plateau value of permanent deformation ratio --- long-term field service --- crack healing --- desulphurization gypsum residues --- pavement failure --- rejuvenation --- interfacial transition zone --- combination --- polyethylene glycol --- adsorption --- tensile strains --- cold recycled asphalt mixture --- resistance to deformations --- asphalt-aggregate adhesion --- viscoelastic properties --- damage evolution --- carbonation --- microwave heating --- amorphous silica --- high-modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM) --- hot mix asphalt containing recycled concrete aggregate --- microfluidic --- dynamic responses --- concrete --- asphalt mastic --- crumb rubber powder --- response surface methodology --- nanomaterial --- self-compacting concrete (SCC) --- rutting factor --- X-ray computed tomography --- fiber modification --- overlay tester --- rubber modified asphalt --- ageing --- aged bitumen --- aged asphalt --- recycling --- damage characteristics --- dynamic tests --- permeation --- ageing resistance