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The book addresses the implementation of the reform of the Austrian educational system named after Minister Leo Thun-Hohenstein (1811–1888) in the years following the revolution of 1848 at the University of Innsbruck.
Universitätspolitik --- Leo --- University of Innsbruck --- Thun-Hohenstein --- Universität Innsbruck --- Reform --- University Reforms
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The administration of customs and commercial affairs in Denmark and the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and (since 1816) Lauenburg has been the responsibility of a number of authorities at the central administrative level: Chamber of Rents in Copenhagen (1660 to 1848), General Country Economics and Commerce College ("General-Landes-Ökonomie- und Kommerzkollegium") (from 1735), West Indo-Guinean Chamber of Rents and General Customs (from 1760), Directorate of Upper Tax in Copenhagen in 1762 (from 1778 Directorate of State Balance and Upper Tax), 1782), unification of the General Country Economics and Commerce College and the West Indo-Guinean Retirement and General Customs Chamber ("Rente- und Generalzollkammer") to the Generalzollkammer- und Kommerzkollegium (1816). With the introduction of the Ministerial Constitution in Denmark in 1848, the activities of the General Chamber of Customs and Commerce ceased. Its responsibility for customs was transferred to the newly established Ministry of Finance. Initially, however, this administrative restructuring only affected the Kingdom of Denmark. With the outbreak of the survey in March 1848, the duchies had their own customs offices under the respective survey authorities. After the end of the survey in 1851, the duchies in Denmark were also given their own ministries in accordance with the reform. However, their powers in customs were transferred to the Ministry of Finance as early as 1852 and finally changed to the newly established Ministry for the Common Internal Affairs of the Monarchy in 1856, only to be transferred back to the Ministry of Finance after its abolition in 1858. The latter, in turn, had the customs system administered by the Directorate General of Customs, set up in 1855 and subordinate to the Ministry. The present register of findings lists only a very small part of the tradition of the supreme customs and commercial authorities responsible for the Kingdom of Denmark and the duchies. The main body of the records of the authorities listed in the finding bookcan be found in the Danish Imperial Archives in Copenhagen
Customs administration. --- Schleswig-Holstein --- Agricultural reforms --- Administration --- 18th century --- 19th century --- Inventory
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Wie werden die "Hartz-Reformen" und die "Aktivierung" von Arbeitslosen durch "Fördern und Fordern" in der Bevölkerung aufgenommen? Die Beiträge in diesem Sonderheft behandeln diese Frage mittels einer innovativen Forschungsmethode: Bei dieser als "Deliberative Foren" bzw. "Mini-Publics" bezeichneten Methode werden Bürger*innen eingeladen, über ein Thema zu diskutieren und ggf. unter Bereitstellung von Informationsmaterial politische Empfehlungen zu erarbeiten oder Szenarien zu entwickeln. Auf diese Weise können Formierungen und Begründungen von Einstellungen sowie ein möglicher Wandel im Verlauf der Diskussion beobachtet werden. Das Heft schlägt Brücken zwischen Sozialpolitik-, Einstellungs- und Deliberationsforschung. In light of the shift in labour market policies towards the activating paradigm in the last decades, the question arises how citizens perceive these fundamental changes with regard to their social rights. This special issue brings together various empirical contributions in the field of social policy, welfare attitudes and deliberative democracy, addressing this question from different theoretical perspectives and drawing on an innovative research method.
activation policies --- aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik --- applied teaching --- Arbeitsmarkt --- deliberative democracy --- Deliberative Demokratie --- Deliberative Foren --- discourses --- Diskurse --- Forschungsorientierte Lehre --- Hartz-Reformen --- labour market --- Mini-Publics --- Social policy --- Sozialpolitik --- welfare attitudes --- "Hartz" reforms --- “Hartz” reforms
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After completing the transition from military to civilian rule, Nigeria began a comprehensive anti-corruption campaign in 1999. Some of the reforms included the establishment of new anti-corruption agencies, a comprehensive reform of the public sector, and a global search for (looted) funds stashed away in other countries. Despite being unprecedented in many ways, the implementation of these programmes soon faced numerous challenges. Among the most obvious was the lack of capacity among some of the major institutions charged with the implementation of the reforms due to inadequate financial support, limited human resources, legal lacunas, an ineffective criminal justice system and constitutional immunity granted to key officials. To this can be added a weak civil society and the non-engagement of sub-national authorities (states and local governments), that together suggest the glaring absence of an internal political coalition against corruption.
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In the second half of the 18th century, profound reforms in the agricultural sector had a decisive impact on the economic and social development in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. On June 19th, 1766, the grand ducal Government of Gottorf established the General State and Economic Improvement Directorate ("General-Landes- und Ökonomie-Verbesserungsdirektorium") in Kiel to implement the agricultural reform measures in the Gottorf shares of the Duchy of Holstein. The primary tasks of the General Directorate included the surveying and distribution of the village estates, the resulting reorganisation of the services and duties of the subjects and the parcelling out of the domains and outlying buildings. The General State Visitation Commission ("Generallandesvisitationskommission") was associated with the General Directorate. Every second year the Commission was to carry out a comprehensive country search in order to obtain a thorough picture of the conditions in the individual administrative districts. Furthermore, the Commission had to check compliance with the ordinances in the area of competence of the General Directorate. The files of the General Directorate were handed over to the Land Commission in June 1808. In order to facilitate the use of the important information for questions on regional and local agricultural, economic and social history, but also for field name research, the holdings were completely reviewed in 2014 and included in the archival database. Here the data of the old finding aids on titles and running times of all archival records in the holdings were checked. The proven order of the holdings served as the basis for the revision and only underwent minor changes.
Schleswig-Holsteinisches Landesarchiv --- Schleswig-Holstein (Germany) --- History. --- Schleswig-Holstein --- Agricultural reforms --- Administration --- 18th century --- 19th century --- Inventory
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This open access book offers unique in-depth, comprehensive, and comparative analyses of the motivations, context, and outcomes of recent land reforms in Africa. Whereas a considerable number of land reforms have been carried out by African governments since the 1990s, no systematic analysis on their meaning has so far been conducted. In the age of land reform, Africa has seen drastic rural changes. Analysing the relationship between those reforms and change, the chapters in this book reveal not only their socio-economic outcomes, such as accelerated marketisation of land, but also their political outcomes, which have often been contrasting. Countries such as Rwanda and Mozambique have utilised land reform to strengthen state control over land, but other countries, such as Ghana and Zambia, have seen the rise in power of traditional chiefs in managing the land. The comparative perspective of this book clarifies new features of African social changes, which are carefully investigated by area experts. Providing new perspectives on recent land reform, this book will have a considerable impact on scholars as well as policymakers.
Comparative politics --- African history --- Political structure & processes --- International relations --- Development studies --- Open Access --- Land Tenure --- Governance in Africa --- Post-Cold War Land Reforms in Africa --- Land Reforms in Africa --- State-Building in Africa --- Ghana --- Kenya --- Zambia --- Mozambique --- Rwanda --- Ethiopia --- South Africa
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Die Studie von Herrn Matsumoto vermittelt deutschen Lesern einen Überblick über das japanische Sozialversicherungsrecht. Ihre Einzigartigkeit liegt in der Perspektive, die dabei eingenommen wird: Über aktuelle Reformen in Japan wird vor dem Hintergrund der Reformen in Deutschland berichtet. Das ermöglicht nicht nur einen Vergleich der in Deutschland und Japan jeweils eingeschlagenen Wege. Sondern es eröffnet sich dem deutschen Leser, der „sein“ Recht zu kennen glaubt, ein ganz neuer Blickwinkel auf dieses Recht, nämlich der des ausländischen Beobachters von außen.
Health Care Reform --- Insurance, Health --- Insurance, Nursing Services --- Social Security --- Social security --- #SBIB:316.8H40 --- #SBIB:35H437 --- #SBIB:35H6013 --- #SBIB:35H6089 --- Aid to Totally Disabled Persons --- Aid to Visually Impaired --- Aid to Visually Impaired Persons --- Aid to the Blind --- Aid to the Totally Disabled --- Social Insurance --- Insurance, Social --- Security, Social --- Nursing Services Insurance --- Insurances, Nursing Services --- Nursing Services Insurances --- Services Insurance, Nursing --- Services Insurances, Nursing --- Group Health Insurance --- Health Insurance --- Health Insurance, Voluntary --- Health Insurance, Group --- Insurance, Group Health --- Insurance, Voluntary Health --- Voluntary Health Insurance --- Healthcare Reform --- Health Care Reforms --- Healthcare Reforms --- Reform, Health Care --- Reform, Healthcare --- Reforms, Health Care --- Reforms, Healthcare --- legislation and jurisprudence --- legislation & jurisprudence --- Law and legislation --- Sociaal beleid: social policy, sociale zekerheid, verzorgingsstaat --- Beleidssectoren: sociale zekerheid --- Bestuur en beleid: nationale en regionale studies: Duitsland --- Bestuur en beleid: nationale en regionale studies: Japan --- Social security Law and legislation Japan. --- Rechtsvergleichung --- Internationales Recht --- Arbeits- und Sozialrecht
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The first reactions to the Greek financial crisis were pension reforms and reductions. The aim of this book is to assess the legal implications of the reductions to pension benefits, proposing a legal framework in which pensioners are able to raise legal claims in court. The book gives account of the background regarding the factors that necessitated pension reforms prior to and after the fiscal crisis. Furthermore, it describes the Greek pension reforms and reductions which were undertaken progressively by the Greek Parliament from the beginning of the crisis until the year 2012. Finally, it examines the legality of the public pension reforms and reductions in old-age pension benefits with the Greek Constitution and with international law. The assessment is achieved using the principle of proportionality as a balancing concept.
Pensions --- Law and legislation --- Government policy --- Compensation --- Pension plans --- Retirement pensions --- Superannuation --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- Greece --- Public Pension Reforms --- Sozialrecht --- Griechenland --- Finanzkrise --- Rentenkürzungen --- finanzieller Notstand --- Rente
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Bankenstrukturreformen, die eine Trennung von Investment- und Retailbanking vorsehen und die zusammenfassend als „Ring-Fencing“ bezeichnet werden können, werden seit der Finanzkrise kontrovers diskutiert. Die Arbeit befasst sich mit den rechtlichen Entwicklungen in der Europäischen Union sowie mit Regelungen im Vereinigten Königreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz. Die Arbeit trägt zur Abgrenzung und der Systematik von Ring-Fencing-Regelungen bei und zeichnet ein umfassendes Bild der gegenwärtigen Entwicklungen sowie möglicher Perspektiven auf Ebene des Unionsrechts. Darüber hinaus untersucht sie strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen bestehenden nationalen Regelungen an Europas drei wichtigsten Finanzplätzen und geht dabei insbesondere auf die einzigartigen aber bisher international wenig beachteten Schweizerischen Ring-Fencing-Bestrebungen ein. Die Arbeit wurde unter anderem mit dem Österreichischen Preis für Insolvenzrecht ausgezeichnet. Bank structural reforms that stipulate the separation of retail and investment banking and that can collectively be referred to as ‘ring-fencing’ have been among the most controversial regulations since the financial crisis. This study explores legal developments in the European Union in this regard as well as national legislation in the United Kingdom, Germany and Switzerland. The study contributes to the terminology and classification of existing and future ring-fencing initiatives and paints a comprehensive picture of current developments and prospects on an EU level in this respect. It furthermore highlights structural differences in the national approaches of Europe’s three most important financial centres, and casts light on Switzerland’s unique ring-fencing efforts that have been barely recognised internationally. This study was recognised with the Austrian Award for Insolvency Law.
Kapitalmarktrecht --- Völcker --- Vickers --- retail banking --- Abschirmungsgesetz --- universal banking --- Europe --- Bankentrennung --- investment banking --- EU --- Bankrecht --- Liikanen --- bank separation --- UK Banking Reform Act --- Börsenrecht --- Trennbankengesetz --- Bank Structural Reform --- Ring-Fencing --- post-crisis reforms --- Banking law --- Banking law. --- European Union countries.
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Rules of the House examines the transformation of the Korean family during and after Japanese colonial rule. Through in-depth reading of civil litigation records, the book shows how the Japanese colonial legal system transformed Korean families from the traditional patrilineal family system into small, patriarchal households. The new domestic pattern proved remarkably durable, forming the basis of postcolonial family life. Women feature prominently in the book. Increasingly marginalized by patriarchy, women embodied the fault line between one family system as it receded and the other as it expanded under the auspices of Japanese colonial law. As a consequence, women’s rights to family property, inheritance, divorce, and adoption of heirs were frequently challenged by family members. Far from being quiet victims, these women brought their cases to the colonial courts and won a surprising number of cases. The book highlights how legal discourse about women’s rights in colonial civil courts articulated the transformation of the family.
History --- Asian history --- Gender studies, gender groups --- Korea --- civil courts. --- civilization. --- colonial times. --- japan. --- japanese colonial legal system. --- japanese colonial rule of korea. --- japanese family laws. --- japanese motto. --- korean women. --- korean womens legal struggles. --- meiji civil code. --- passive victims. --- patriarchal biases. --- post colonial reforms. --- pre colonial chosen dynasty. --- promoting progress. --- through the lens of women. --- victimized women.
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