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This book collects notes that were prepared for a university course taught in the Spring of 2018, and delivered to an audience of students enrolled in the Master course in Logic, philosophy and history of science of the University of Florence. The goal of the course was to introduce students to some basic concepts from the area of research generally known as decision theory. This is done by focussing on the concept of 'rational choice', which is analyzed, methodologically speaking, by the means of the theory of games. To minimize prerequisites it was decided to restrict the attention to the theory of finite games in particular. The topics treated are vary, and belongs to both the theory of games 'in normal form' as well as that of games 'in extensive form', as they are usually referred to. The classical issues in both fields, such as the theory of 'equilibria' and the study of properties such as determinacy, are carefully discussed to make them clear to beginners and are addressed from a novel perspective which makes use of formal methods that are typical of researches connected with the study of logic.

Rational choice theory.

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Comment des acteurs ordinaires (personnes ou entreprises) parviennent-ils, avec leurs ressources et leurs capacités limitées, à se coordonner dans la vie économique courante ou dans la réalisation de projets collectifs complexes ? Pour répondre à cette question, les auteurs de ce volume s'écartent de la théorie standard de l'action rationnelle et proposent un nouveau regard sur la réflexivité de l'action. L'acteur n'est plus supposé tendre vers l'omniscience mais vers le jugement et l'action raisonnables. La raison pratique se trouve ainsi placée au fondement de l'action économique. Une telle révision conduit à envisager le problème de la coordination des actions délibérées sous un angle différent. Elle implique en particulier de reconceptualiser la notion d'institution et de redéfinir le lien entre action et institution. Cet ouvrage présente quelques-unes des pistes qu'explore aujourd'hui le programme de recherche dit de « l'économie des conventions ». Il montre ainsi l'omniprésence des conventions dans la vie économique et sociale quotidienne, où elles permettent la formation d'attentes mutuelles entre personnes qui ont à coordonner leurs actions.

Economics. --- Possibility. --- Possibility --- Economie politique --- Possibilité --- Economic aspects. --- Aspect économique --- Social choice --- Rational choice theory --- Economics --- Economic aspects --- Institutionnalisme --- Conventions (économie politique) --- Politique économique --- Rationalité économique --- Possibilité --- Aspect économique --- Politique économique. --- Institutionnalisme. --- Rationalité économique. --- Économie des conventions. --- Social choice. --- Rational choice theory. --- Choice, Social --- Collective choice --- Public choice --- Choice (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Welfare economics --- Possibility - Economic aspects --- convention --- institution --- incertitude --- économie --- possibilité --- coordination --- Économie des conventions. --- Politique économique --- Rationalité économique.

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Inequality of educational opportunities (IEO) is a recurring topic in both public debate and academic research. This book contributes to the contemporary discussion on IEO with a focus on individual trajectories over the life course. It provides empirical evidence on the magnitude and the mechanisms of IEO in Colombia, a country with extreme, persistent levels of social inequality. Using national administrative databases, the author examines the effect of social origin on academic and labor market outcomes among university graduates. Drawing on a comprehensive theoretical approach to stratification and higher education, this volume discusses how the interaction between family background and segmentation of educational institutions might influence individuals' outcomes. As such, it will appeal to scholars, policy makers, and practitioners with interests in education, social inequality, social policy, higher education research, and international/comparative education.

Education --- Labor Market --- Unequal Opportunities --- Equality --- Sociology --- Educational Inequalities --- Academic Achievement Studies --- Educational Effectiveness Research --- Production Function Studies --- School Effectiveness --- Intergenerational Mobility Studies --- Modeling Studies --- Comparative Studies --- Academic Achievement --- Human Capital Theory --- Rational Choice Theory --- Theory of Industrialism --- Persistent Inequalities --- Bildungsmanagement