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Eleven million German soldiers were captured during the Second World War, of which over three million were in British camps. For the first time, Renate Held presents the British prisoner of war policy comprehensively. It reveals motives, decision-making processes and acts of detention as well as their effects on the prisoners concerned. She embeds her everyday and mental history research object in the military and political history framework. It becomes clear how much the fate and everyday life of the prisoners depended on the course of the war and the political decisions of the opponents of the war.

Prisoners of war --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Prisoners and prisons, German. --- Exchange of prisoners of war --- POWs (Prisoners of war) --- War prisoners --- Prisoners

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Up to the 1980s prisoners of war were hardly even mentioned in military history. Only in recent years have scientists acknowledged the importance of this topic. For their investigations some of them chose the First World War, especially the Eastern front, where more than 5 million soldiers were captured until the revolutionary events of 1917/18. Contrary to the few existing studies, the present publication concentrates more on the evaluation of captivity in the historical background rather than on the description of "POW-fates" in "the hands of their enemies". It therefore focuses on the meaning of captivity and repatriation during the Russian Revolution and the establishment of the Communist International. Based on documents of the central archives in Vienna and Moscow, the thesis comes to the following results: On the one hand, conflicts between the soldiers of the Central Powers in the former Tsarist empire, in particular between the Austro-Hungarian nationalities, for example between the "Bolshevik internationalists" and the "Czech Legion", played a decisive role in the beginning of an Eastern European "period of confusion" which can hardly be entitled a "Russian Civil War". On the other hand, former prisoners functioned as founders of the Comintern and leaders of the first communist parties outside Soviet Russia. The activities of POWs thus marked the starting point of the international cadrerecruitment for the Comintern, which became a significant aspect in the foreign politics of the "first proletarian republic" and consequently in the so called "short 20th century" defined by the existence of the USSR and its "satellite states".

Communism --- Prisoners of war --- Socialism, Communism & Anarchism --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- History --- Exchange of prisoners of war --- POWs (Prisoners of war) --- War prisoners --- Prisoners --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- First Wold War --- Eastern front --- prisoners --- Erster Weltkrieg --- Ostmitteleuropa --- Kommunismusforschung --- Kriegsgefangenenforschung --- Russland --- Ungarn

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Un million de P.G. libérés rentrent au printemps 1945 dans leur foyer. La société française récupère brusquement une masse d’hommes dans la force de l’âge, de producteurs, de procréateurs, d’électeurs, de cadres. Bien peu d’attention fut consacrée alors à cet imposant phénomène de réinsertion sociale occulté depuis par l’historiographie contemporaine. Pourtant, ces retrouvailles difficiles entre un pays bouleversé et un groupe d’hommes ne ressemblant guère à ceux qui quittèrent six ans plus tôt leur foyer étaient génératrices de changements. Leur étude permet aussi de comparer la mentalité, les modes d’action et les comportements d’une génération d’Anciens Combattants à celle de leurs pères.

World War, 1939-1945 --- Prisoners of war --- Prisoners and prisons, German. --- History --- Societies, etc. --- Fédération nationale des prisonniers de guerre. --- Exchange of prisoners of war --- POWs (Prisoners of war) --- War prisoners --- Prisoners --- F.N.P.G. --- FNPG --- prisonniers --- Fédération nationale des prisonniers de guerre --- Fédération nationale des combattants prisonniers de guerre et combattants d’Algérie --- prisonnier de guerre --- Seconde Guerre mondiale

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Im Juli 1941 erließ das Reichssicherheitshauptamt in enger Abstimmung mit dem Oberkommando der Wehrmacht die Einsatzbefehle Nr. 8 und Nr.9. Sowjetische Kriegsgefangene, die nach ideologischen Kriterien als "untragbar" eingestuft wurden - weil sie Juden, Kommunisten oder Angehörige der sowjetischen Intelligenz waren - sollten demnach aus den Kriegsgefangenenlagern im Reich und im Generalgouvernement ausgesondert und im jeweils nächstgelegenen Konzentrationslager getötet werden. Einsatzkommandos der Gestapo nahmen die Aussonderung vor und kooperierten dabei mit den entsprechenden Instanzen der Wehrmacht. Obwohl der Bruch des Kriegsvölkerrechts offenkundig war, kam es von Seiten des Militärs nur vereinzelt zu Widerständen gegen das Mordprogramm, dem bis Sommer 1942 mindestens 38.000 Soldaten der Roten Armee zum Opfer fielen. Auf breiter Quellenbasis, darunter erst jetzt zugängliche Dokumente aus russischen Archiven, analysiert Reinhard Otto minutiös ein von Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit lange Zeit ignoriertes Großverbrechen des NS-Regimes und seinen engen Zusammenhang mit dem Arbeitseinsatz der sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen.

Genocide --- -Genocide --- -Prisoners of war --- -World War, 1939-1945 --- -European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Exchange of prisoners of war --- POWs (Prisoners of war) --- War prisoners --- Prisoners --- Cleansing, Ethnic --- Ethnic cleansing --- Ethnic purification --- Ethnocide --- Purification, Ethnic --- Crime --- History --- -History --- Atrocities --- Prisoners and prisons, German --- Germany. Geheime Staatspolizei --- Germany --- Armed Forces. --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Prisoners of war --- Prisoners and prisons, German. --- History. --- Atrocities. --- Germany. --- Gestapo

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The U.S. detention center at Guantánamo Bay has long been synonymous with torture, secrecy, and the abuse of executive power. It has come to epitomize lawlessness and has sparked protracted legal battles and political debate. For too long, however, Guantánamo has been viewed in isolation and has overshadowed a larger, interconnected global detention system that includes other military prisons such as Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan, secret CIA jails, and the transfer of prisoners to other countries for torture. Guantánamo is simply—and alarmingly—the most visible example of a much larger prison system designed to operate outside the law.Habeas Corpus after 9/11 examines the rise of the U.S.-run global detention system that emerged after 9/11 and the efforts to challenge it through habeas corpus (a petition to appear in court to claim unlawful imprisonment). Habeas expert and litigator Jonathan Hafetz gives us an insider’s view of the detention of “enemy combatants” and an accessible explanation of the complex forces that keep these systems running. In the age of terrorism, some argue that habeas corpus is impractical and unwise. Hafetz advocates that it remains the single most important check against arbitrary and unlawful detention, torture, and the abuse of executive power.

Prisoners of war --- Detention of persons --- Combatants and noncombatants (International law) --- Terrorism --- Habeas corpus --- Exchange of prisoners of war --- POWs (Prisoners of war) --- War prisoners --- Prisoners --- Noncombatants (International law) --- Armed Forces --- Belligerency --- Military law --- International law --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Prevention. --- Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp. --- Guantánamo (Detention camp : Guantánamo Bay Naval Base) --- Gitmo (Detention camp : Guantánamo Bay Naval Base) --- Guantánamo Bay Naval Base (Cuba). --- Camp Delta (Guantánamo Bay Naval Base) --- 911. --- US-run. --- after. --- appear. --- challenge. --- claim. --- corpus. --- court. --- detention. --- efforts. --- emerged. --- examines. --- global. --- habeas. --- imprisonment. --- petition. --- rise. --- system. --- that. --- through. --- unlawful. --- United States --- Prevention --- Cuba --- Guantánamo Bay Naval Base (Cuba) --- Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp --- Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp.