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This fascinating study investigates the experience of English poverty between 1700 and 1900 and in the ways in which the poor made ends meet. The phrase 'economy of makeshifts' has often been used to summarise the patchy, desperate and sometimes failing strategies of the poor for material survival. Incomes or benefits derived from such strategies allegedly ranged from wages supported by under-employment via petty crime through to charity, but allusions to this array of makeshifts usually fall short of answering vital questions about how and when the poor secured access to them. This book represents the single most significant attempt in print to supply the English 'economy of makeshifts' with a solid, empirical basis and to advance the concept of makeshifts from a vague but convenient label to a more precise yet inclusive definition. Individual chapters written by some of the leading, young historians of welfare examine how advantages gained from access to common land, mobilisation of kinship support, resorting to crime, and other marginal resources could prop up struggling households. They suggest how the balance of these strategies might change over time or be modified by gender, life-cycle and geography. A comprehensive introduction summarises the state of research on English poverty, and a thought-provoking conclusion makes valuable suggestions for the direction of future research. This book will be crucial for historians of social life and welfare, of interest to researchers working on eighteenth- /nineteenth- century England and will be useful to undergraduates seeking guidance on the historiography of poverty.

Poor --- Poor --- Charity --- Income --- Public welfare --- Social networks --- History --- History --- History. --- History. --- History. --- History. --- history --- poor --- poverty --- england --- Kinship --- Lancashire --- London --- Pawnbroker --- Poor relief --- Vestry

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[Publications from the Association of German Constitutional Law Teachers, Vol. 63]The volume reproduces the reports and discussions at the conference of the Association of German Constitutional Law Teachers in Jena from 6th to 9th October 2004.

Social security law --- European Union --- Public welfare --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Human services --- Social service --- Government policy

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Der vorliegende Band präsentiert in überarbeiteter Form die Referate, die auf der Jahrestagung 1996 des Ausschusses für Sozialpolitik in Ingolstadt vorgetragen wurden. -- In einem ersten grundlegenden Beitrag beschäftigt sich Gert Wagner mit ""Zentralen Aufgaben beim Um- und Ausbau des Sozialstaats"". Er entwickelt seine Vorstellungen auf der Basis des von Rawls konstruierten Paradigmas, bei dem sich vernünftige, risikoaverse Individuen über grundlegende Verfassungsentscheidungen und Direktiven für ein System der sozialen Sicherung hinter dem ""Schleier des Nichtwissens"" einigen. Frank Schulz

Public welfare --- History --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Human services --- Social service --- Government policy

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Nicht nur in der Gegenwart, sondern auch in der Vergangenheit spielte das Thema BettlerInnen in Wien eine wichtige Rolle. Zwischen 1443 und 1693 wurde das Betteln in Wien mittels obrigkeitlicher Bettelzeichen („Stadtzeichen") beschränkt. Erhalten gebliebene Bettlerverzeichnisse aus dem 16. und 17. Jahrhundert bieten Einblick in die Lebenswelten der „gekennzeichneten" Menschen.

Beggars --- Beggars --- Poverty --- History. --- History. --- beggars --- beggars ’ directory --- poverty --- poor relief --- source edition --- Vienna --- Early Modern Period --- Bettler --- Bettlerverzeichnis --- Armut --- Armenfürsorge --- Quellenedition --- Wien --- Frühe Neuzeit --- Département Ain --- Khan --- Witwer

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Much of the literary production on the Camorra focuses on the aspects of military control of the territory and on predatory activities in politics and economics. Less attention is paid to the social reproductive factors of organized crime groups. The aspects of mutuality and solidarity within the Camorra have never received a systematic and thorough observation. This research instead proposes the analysis of the elements of legitimacy and consensus of the Camorra groups in the territories in which they are established. Welfare and its double is a work that is articulated through a rich system that uses quantitative and ethnographic methodologies: an approach located at the meeting point between sociology and anthropology in the analysis of social policies, which uses unpublished and difficult judicial documents availability. A demanding field work in the Caserta area has made it possible to decipher the forms of social assistance present: public and mafia ones. The result is the panorama of a criminal group that ensures incredible protection against affiliates and their families, which competes with the protections offered by public welfare. However, the results of this study show that it is precisely in the territories most conditioned by the Mafia presence that new forms of social struggle are born. It is here, in fact - where criminal infiltrations affect the procurement of welfare services - that the most innovative social actions in defense of the weakest categories were born.

Camorra --- Organized crime --- Public welfare --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Human services --- Social service --- Crime syndicates --- Organised crime --- Crime --- Corrupt practices --- Government policy --- Camorra. --- Caserta (Italy : Province) --- Social policy. --- Caserta, Italy (Province) --- doppio --- mafia --- welfare