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The impact of fat intake on hypercholesterolemia and related atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases has been studied for decades. However, the current evidence base suggests that fatty acids also influences cardiometabolic diseases through other mechanisms including effects on glucose metabolism, body fat distribution, blood pressure, inflammation, and heart rate. Furthermore, studies evaluating single fatty acids have challenged the simplistic view of shared health effects within fatty acid groups categorized by degree of saturation. In addition, investigations of endogenous fatty acid metabolism, including genetic studies of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, and the identification of novel metabolically derived fatty acids have further increased the complexity of fatty acids’ health impacts. This Special Issue aims to include original research and up-to-date reviews on genetic and dietary modulation of fatty acids, and the role and function of dietary and metabolically derived fatty acids in cardiometabolic health.

coronary artery disease --- n-6 fatty acids --- ischemic heart disease --- n-3 fatty acids --- body weight --- alternatively activated macrophages --- type 2 cytokines --- children --- medium-chain triglyceride --- fat --- omega-3 PUFA --- substitution models --- obesity --- EETs --- arachidonic acid --- blood pressure --- Genome-wide association study (GWAS) --- antioxidant --- Mediterranean diet --- Insulin sensitivity --- PUFA --- n-3 PUFA --- long-chain triglyceride --- fish oil --- omega 3 --- CAD --- adipose tissue --- FADS --- blood lipids --- hemodynamics --- genotype --- erucic acid --- klotho --- CYP450 eicosanoids --- cardiometabolic disease --- fibrosis --- desaturase --- EEQs --- cohort study --- lipid metabolism --- fatty acid --- metabolic disease --- epidemiology --- omega-3 --- inflammation --- docosapentaenoic acid --- omega-6 PUFA --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- diet --- CKD --- human --- perivascular adipose tissue --- seafood --- cardiovascular disease --- prospective cohort study --- linoleic acid --- low-fat diet --- conjugated fatty acids --- furan fatty acids --- unsaturated fat --- statins --- fish --- cholesterol ester --- CHD --- COPD

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The search for dietary patterns or food bioactive derivatives that may serve as a panacea for health issues has been a topic of interest for several millennia. It is not surprising that this trend in food research is continuing today particularly in relation to brain and cardiometabolic health, given the huge burden they pose on human health, with no geographical boundaries. Currently, there is an increasing demand for ‘pure’ and ‘clean’ foods as well as potent bioactive ingredients that can promote beneficial health outcomes. Several studies, including in vitro investigations, clinical trials, and observational studies related to food and nutritional patterns have already identified, proposed, and in some cases challenged the mechanisms of action of these foods and food ingredients. The book “Food bioactives and impact on brain and cardiometabolic health findings from in vitro to human studies” has gathered innovative, high-quality research manuscripts (letters to the editor, original research and review papers) on bioactive constituents of foods and dietary patterns which can directly impact upon brain and cardiometabolic health. These manuscripts reporting on different areas of this research field, from the description of new conceptual ideas, mechanisms of action, and structural modelling to clinical trials and observational studies.

black Africans --- blood pressure --- hypertension --- long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- longitudinal study --- nutritional transition --- PUFA --- licorice --- glycyrrhizin --- glycyrrhetinic acid --- glabridin --- 11-β-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 --- hyperaldosteronism --- hypokalemia --- L-Theanine --- amino acid --- green tea --- bioactive --- functional food --- heart rate variability --- cardiometabolic effect --- child --- cerebral palsy --- diet modification --- motor development delay --- nutrition disorder --- nutritional support --- trans-ε-viniferin --- resveratrol --- neuroprotection --- oxidative stress --- dopamine --- apotosis --- neuroinflammation --- Parkinson’s disease --- n/a --- Parkinson's disease

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There is unequivocal experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence demonstrating a correlation between diet and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While nutritionally-poor diets can have a significant negative impact on cardiovascular health, dietary interventions with specific nutrients and/or functional foods are considered cost-effective and efficient components of prevention strategies. It has been estimated that nutritional factors may be responsible for approximately 40% of all CVD. Indeed, in one of the seminal studies conducted on modifiable risk factors and heart health (the INTERHEART study), >90% of all myocardial infarctions were attributed to preventable environmental factors with nutrition identified as one of the important determinants of CVD. There is an increasing public interest in and scientific investigation into establishing dietary approaches that can be undertaken for the prevention and treatment of CVD. This Special Issue provides an insight into the influential role of nutrition and dietary habits on cardiovascular health and disease, as well as their mechanisms of therapeutic and preventive action.

magnesium deficiency --- arterial hypertension --- vascular tone --- arterial stiffness --- vascular remodeling --- insulin resistance --- magnesium supplementation --- dietary magnesium intake --- Zeb2 --- cardiac fibroblast --- activated myofibroblast --- cardiac fibrosis --- fibroblast contractility --- fish oil --- omega-3 fatty acids --- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- cardiovascular disease --- irisin --- pediatric --- children --- nutrition --- diet --- body composition --- metabolic syndrome --- obesity, neonates --- Mediterranean diet --- inflammation --- nutrients --- polyphenols --- MUFA --- PUFA --- bioactive compounds --- phytosterols --- dietary pattern --- Aronia melanocarpa --- standardized extract --- dietary strategies --- supplementation --- cocaine --- cardiovascular health --- heart disease --- acute effects --- chronic effects --- marinobufagenin --- ouabain --- salt --- hypertension --- fibrosis --- Panax quinquefolius --- ginseng berry --- myocardial infarction --- phenolic compounds --- vascular aging --- vascular calcification --- arteriosclerosis --- Klotho --- chronic kidney disease (CKD), cancer --- diabetes --- heart failure --- micronutrients --- iron --- vitamins --- trace elements --- vitamin D --- seasonal variation --- lifestyle --- cytokines --- lipids --- mechanisms --- immunoregulatory --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- coronary heart disease --- stretching --- TGF-β1 --- n/a

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The prevalence of diabetes is on the increase in the UK and worldwide, partly due to changes in lifestyle which predispose individuals to overweight and obesity. It is estimated that about 90% of the currently diagnosed adults have type 2 diabetes, and based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) report, about 422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014 compared with 108 million in 1980; this condition caused about 1.5 million deaths in 2012. In the United States of America, it is estimated that about 30.3 million adults are living with diabetes, with a further 1.5 million new diabetes cases diagnosed every year, representing an increasing prevalence of this condition. Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, despite advances in technology and the pharmaceutical industry. These problems may be in the form of acute or long-term complications. Therefore, in order to attenuate the problems of diabetes, management strategies usually include lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and dietary interventions. Studies which evaluate the role of nutrition in the management of type 2 diabetes often involve human and animal models as these approaches enable us to have a broader and more in-depth understanding of the condition. In some cases, diabetes may co-exist with other conditions, such as stroke, and these may present unique challenges with regard to nutritional interventions. This Special Issue aims to evaluate the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and the role of the diet in the management of people with this condition. This evidence is drawn from both human and animal studies.

low-carbohydrate --- lipids --- carbohydrate restricted diet --- aldosterone --- high fat diet --- interleukin-6 --- rosemary extract --- Hedychium coronarium --- isomaltulose --- low carbohydrate diet --- folk medicine --- free fatty acids (FFA) --- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol --- mushroom --- protein and fat counting --- incretins --- fish oil --- almond --- Japanese --- vitamin D deficiency --- low energy diet --- AMPK --- women --- glycaemic index --- T2DM --- zinc status --- ginseng --- longitudinal analysis --- dietary management approaches --- glucose monitoring --- gut microbiome --- nutritional supplement --- carbohydrate counting --- gestational diabetes --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- very-low-calorie --- inflammatory parameters --- vitamin D --- subjective appetite --- randomised controlled trial --- total body lean --- insulin secretion --- systematic review --- lactic acid bacteria --- food --- type 2 diabetes --- fish --- zinc intake --- glycaemic control --- diabetes --- dairy products --- glycated haemoglobin --- short chain fatty acids --- glycated hemoglobin A --- glycemic control --- vegetable oil --- standard formula --- cardiovascular risk factors --- DASH --- insulin dosage --- appendicular fat --- body composition --- total body fat --- micronutrients --- 25-OH-D --- obesity --- diabetes reversal --- enteral nutrition --- PUFA --- body mass index --- metabolic syndrome --- lifestyle management --- nutrition --- streptozotocin --- nuts --- enteral tube feeding --- lipid profile --- macronutrients --- triglyceride --- tempeh --- cohort study --- diabetes specific formula --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- diabetes mellitus --- calcium intake --- hyperglycemia --- epidemiology --- trace elements --- dietary intake --- muscle --- appendicular lean --- peanut --- insulin resistance --- sucromalt --- pancreatectomy --- energy restricted diet --- glycemic index --- type 1 diabetes --- fasting blood glucose --- bariatric surgery --- prediabetes --- aronia --- meta-analysis --- chronic conditions --- diabetes management --- dietary pattern --- diet quality --- lipid parameters --- feces

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Dairy foods make up an important part of the diets of billions of people across the globe. The nutrient composition of dairy foods adds significantly to a healthy diet, as dairy foods are an excellent or very good source of calcium, high quality protein, potassium, and riboflavin. On the other hand, some research has related dairy intake to the occurrence of certain chronic diseases. The science behind the health properties of dairy foods continue to evolve. This monograph presents current research aimed and understanding the health benefits and risks from the consumption of dairy foods.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- milk --- dairy --- nutrient adequacy --- Philippines --- young children --- preschool children --- polar lipids --- sphingomyelin --- heart disease --- gut health --- cancer --- inflammation --- lactose intolerance --- lactase non-persistence --- galacto-oligosaccharide --- gut microbiome --- abdominal pain --- bloating --- gas --- diarrhea --- n-3 PUFA --- CLA --- cheese --- blood lipids --- dairy fat --- consumer --- quality --- animal-derived food --- yoghurt --- MFGM --- phospholipids --- gangliosides --- anti-inflammatory --- IL-1β --- nitric oxide --- superoxide anion --- cyclo-oxygenase-2 --- neutrophil elastase --- HAZ --- stunting --- pre-school children --- cross-sectional study --- China --- anteiso --- branched-chain amino acids --- diabetes --- iso --- metabolic diseases --- phytanic acid --- health --- matrix --- metabolism --- nutrient --- composition --- saturated fats --- dairy products --- energy intake --- food intakes --- nutrient intakes --- aging --- population-based cohort --- kefir peptides --- dairy milk protein --- osteoporosis --- ovariectomized (OVX) mice --- 16S rDNA --- gut microbiota --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- insulin resistance --- polycystic ovary syndrome --- fertility --- ovulation --- 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) --- Mexican–American --- Other Hispanic --- non-Hispanic White --- non-Hispanic Black --- A1 beta-casein --- A2 beta-casein --- beta-casomorphin --- gastrointestinal intolerance --- hydrogen breath test --- lactose challenge --- lactose intolerance symptoms --- milk intolerance --- Qualifying Lactose Challenge Symptom Score --- whey --- glucose --- glycemic variability --- beta-lactoglobulin --- pre-meal --- CGM --- preterm neonates --- fat --- gastric lipase --- absorption --- intestine --- emulsions --- vegetable oil --- soy lecithin --- ribo-seq --- muscle protein synthesis --- anabolism --- insulin