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Mathematical ecology is an area of applied mathematics concerned with the application of mathematical concepts, tools and techniques, usually in the form of mathematical models, to problems arising in population dynamics, ecology and evolution. This Special Issue is designed to provide a snapshot of the state of the art in mathematical ecology. Topics of interest are (in no particular order) biological invasions, biological control, ecological pattern formation, ecologically relevant multiscale models, food webs, individual movement and dispersal, eco-epidemiology, evolutionary ecology, agroecosystems, regime shifts and early warning signals, synchronization and chaos. The list is inclusive rather than exclusive, and a few other relevant topics will also be considered.

Philosophy and science.

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« Je considérerai les actions et les appétits humains comme s’il était question de lignes, de surfaces et de solides. » C’est une science de l’homme que construit Spinoza en ce début du XVIIe siècle. Une science nourrie des bouleversements dans les mathématiques, l’algèbre, la conception de l’infini. Écrite sur le modèle des Éléments d’Euclide, l’Éthique n’a rien d’artificiel. Sa forme coïncide, au contraire, avec la neuve radicalité d’une pensée qui donne au désir toute sa puissance. Cette ambitieuse lecture de la philosophie de Spinoza comme science du salut engendre un appétit renouvelé de savoir.

Philosophy and science --- History --- Spinoza, Benedictus de, --- Dutch philosophy --- 17th century --- Criticism --- Mathématiques --- Philosophie --- Philosophie et sciences --- Philosophy and science - History - 17th century --- Spinoza, Benedictus de, - 1632-1677 --- Spinoza, baruch (1632-1677). ethica --- Philosophy --- science --- Spinoza --- mathématique --- salut

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Late in a career of more than sixty years, Thomas Burch, an internationally known social demographer, undertook a wide-ranging methodological critique of demography. This open access volume contains a selection of resulting papers, some previously unpublished, some published but not readily accessible [from past meetings of The International Union for the Scientific Study of Population and its research committees, or from other small conferences and seminars]. Rejecting the idea that demography is simply a branch of applied statistics, his work views it as an autonomous and complete scientific discipline. When viewed from the perspective of modern philosophy of science, specifically the semantic or model-based school, demography is a balanced discipline, with a rich body of techniques and data, but also with more and better theories than generally recognized. As demonstrated in this book, some demographic techniques can also be seen as theoretical models, and some substantive/behavioral models, commonly rejected as theory because of inconsistent observations, are now seen as valuable theoretical models, for example demographic transition theory. This book shows how demography can build a strong theoretical edifice on its broad and deep empirical foundation by adoption of the model-based approach to science. But the full-fruits of this approach will require demographers to make greater use of computer modeling [both macro- and micro-simulation], in the statement and manipulation of theoretical ideas, as well as for numerical computation. This book is open access under a CC BY license.

Methods in social research (general) --- Demography --- Demography. --- Statistics . --- Philosophy and science. --- Social sciences. --- Statistics for Social Sciences, Humanities, Law. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Methodology of the Social Sciences. --- Methodology --- Model-based view of science --- Computer Modeling --- Theory --- Quantitative analysis

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En 1751, le Système figuré des Connaissances humaines, publié dans le premier volume de l’Encyclopédie de Diderot et d’Alembert, présente une nouvelle organisation du savoir. Dans un siècle où les découvertes scientifiques gouvernent la connaissance, l’entendement humain a pris la première place, et dorénavant les philosophes, qui ont organisé les idées, sont associés aux savants qui les ont assemblées. Le présent ouvrage interroge ce rassemblement de la science et de la philosophie. Celui-ci est à l’origine d’une systématique qui montre les dépendances mutuelles des sciences, pratiquées par le seul savant, « génie inventeur ». La saisie de la métaphysique par l’entendement humain constitue moins une opposition radicale à la métaphysique traditionnelle que la mise en place d’un art du raisonnement méthodique (métaphysique des corps). En tenant compte de cette organisation spéculative de départ, trop souvent sous-estimée, les auteurs, spécialistes de l’Encyclopédie, jettent un regard nouveau sur les conséquences de l’arbitraire qui résulte de ce véritable bouleversement philosophique, à la source de nos disciplines. Une première partie pose l’origine et la postérité de cette présentation du savoir en tableau.de Bacon et Chambers à l’Atlasliterarius. Deux autres parties cernent les sciences des arts et de la nature, l’émergence de nouvelles disciplines telles l’esthétique, la chimie, la biologie, l’histoire puis, à leur croisée, les sciences de la langue, de la grammaire et de la politique. En mettant en évidence la logique qui permet à la liaison des sciences entre elles de conduire à la création de nouvelles disciplines, cet ouvrage apporte une réflexion pluridisciplinaire novatrice sur l’organisation des sciences dans le savoir à l’époque des Lumières.

Encyclopedias and dictionaries, French --- Enlightenment --- Encyclopédies et dictionnaires français --- Siècle des Lumières --- History and criticism --- Histoire et critique --- Encyclopaedia - Philosophy and science - 18th century - Criticism. --- Encyclopédies et dictionnaires français --- Siècle des Lumières --- History --- science --- philosophe --- savoir --- siècle des Lumières --- discipline --- épistémologie

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This groundbreaking, open access volume analyses and compares data practices across several fields through the analysis of specific cases of data journeys. It brings together leading scholars in the philosophy, history and social studies of science to achieve two goals: tracking the travel of data across different spaces, times and domains of research practice; and documenting how such journeys affect the use of data as evidence and the knowledge being produced. The volume captures the opportunities, challenges and concerns involved in making data move from the sites in which they are originally produced to sites where they can be integrated with other data, analysed and re-used for a variety of purposes. The in-depth study of data journeys provides the necessary ground to examine disciplinary, geographical and historical differences and similarities in data management, processing and interpretation, thus identifying the key conditions of possibility for the widespread data sharing associated with Big and Open Data. The chapters are ordered in sections that broadly correspond to different stages of the journeys of data, from their generation to the legitimisation of their use for specific purposes. Additionally, the preface to the volume provides a variety of alternative “roadmaps” aimed to serve the different interests and entry points of readers; and the introduction provides a substantive overview of what data journeys can teach about the methods and epistemology of research.

Philosophy of science --- History --- geschiedenis --- wetenschapsfilosofie --- Philosophy and science --- Big data --- Philosophy and science. --- History. --- Philosophy of Science. --- History of Science. --- Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. --- Philosophy of Science --- History of Science --- Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary --- Humanities and Social Sciences --- Big Data --- Data Epistemology --- Data Ethics --- Data Science --- Epistemology of Science --- Social Studies of Data --- Social Studies of Science --- Data Collection, Preparation and Reporting --- Data at the Large Hadron Collider --- Data Journeys in Medical Case Reports --- Data Ordering and Visualization --- Clustering Practices in Plant Phenomics --- Databases in Systems Biology --- Data access, Dissemination and Quality Assessment --- Methods for Climate Data Processing --- Data Journeys in Pharmaceutical Regulation --- Data Mixes in Big Data Linkage Practice --- Radiocarbon Dating and Robustness Reasoning in Archaeology --- Data from Objects to Assets --- Open Access --- History of science --- Interdisciplinary studies