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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease" that was published in JCM.

Omega-3 fatty acids. --- N-3 fatty acids --- Omega-3 EFA --- Omega-3 essential fatty acids --- Unsaturated fatty acids --- High-omega-3 fatty acid diet

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The role of nutrition in health and disease has been appreciated from time immemorial. Around 400 B.C., Hippocrates wrote “Let food by thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” In the 12th century, the great philosopher and physician Moses Maimonides wrote “any disease that can be treated by diet should be treated by no other means.” Now, in the 21st century, we are bombarded by claims in the media of “superfoods,” wondrous nutritional supplements, and special diets that promise to cure or prevent disease, improve health and restore functioning. Much of the focus has been on neurological disease, brain health and psychological functioning (behavior, cognition, and emotion). The hyperbole aside, there has been considerable progress in the past decade in our understanding of the contribution of specific nutrients and dietary patterns to brain development, physiology, and functioning. This Special Issue of Brain Sciences is devoted to the latest research on the role of nutritional deficiencies and excesses in the genesis of brain dysfunction, and use of diet for the prevention and treatment of brain and mental disorders. Basic laboratory and clinical research studies of the immature, adult, and aged nervous system are all welcome.

epilepsy --- glioblastoma multiforme --- ADHD --- n/a --- prefrontal cortex --- regainers --- functional neuroimaging --- malignant glioma --- nutrients --- caffeine --- children --- inflammation --- working memory --- cytokines --- modified Atkins diet --- fish intake --- insulin resistance --- transpulmonary administration --- obesity --- maintainers --- electroencephalography --- Alzheimer’s disease --- omega-3 fatty acids --- diet-deficient --- weight loss maintenance --- neural processing --- hippocampal neurogenesis --- Brain --- Diseases --- Diet therapy. --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head --- Alzheimer's disease

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“Personalised Nutrition” represents any initiative that attempts to provide tailor-made healthy eating advice based on the nutritional needs of each individual, as these are dictated by the individual’s behaviour, phenotype and/or genotype, and their interactions. This Special Issue of Nutrients is dedicated to the development, implementation and assessment of the effectiveness of evidence-based “Personalised Nutrition” strategies. In this regard, a selection of reviews and original research manuscripts will bring together the latest evidence on how lifestyle habits, physiology, nutraceuticals, gut microbiome and genetics can be integrated into nutritional solutions, specific to the needs of each individual, for maintaining health and preventing diseases.

n/a --- gene-based --- taste --- postprandial leptin --- children --- personalised --- obesity --- macronutrient composition --- gastrointestinal symptoms --- postprandial adiponectin --- formula diet --- avoidance diet --- weight loss --- weight --- omega-3 fatty acids --- microbiome --- genotype --- nutrition --- direct-to-consumer test --- intervention --- clinical nutrition --- postprandial total ghrelin --- dietary intervention --- microbiota --- low-carbohydrate diet --- insulin --- FADS polymorphism --- adults --- genetics --- diet --- healthcare professionals --- HbA1c --- PROX1 gene --- phenotype --- high-fat meal --- glucose --- personalised nutrition --- irritable bowel syndrome --- dietary recommendation --- postprandial metabolic fingerprinting --- type 2 diabetes mellitus risk --- high-carbohydrate meal --- health --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- food allergy --- normo-carbohydrate meal --- nutrimetabolomics --- type 2 diabetes --- nutrigenetics --- gene–diet interaction --- personalized nutrition --- gene-diet interaction

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Microbial contamination of agriculture and food commodities may cause significant losses, with economic, social and environmental consequences. Therefore, the search for new, promising substances that demonstrate antagonism towards different microorganisms has been observed in recent years. Different plants, as well as differentiated methods of obtaining of biological compounds, are the research subject. Moreover, current trends focus on the sustainable recovery of antimicrobial substances from waste materials. The contributed articles present original research with a focus on: The biological activity of plant-derived extracts and oils: the research is concentrated on the discovery of new sufficient antimicrobial substances, characterized by broad biological properties including antibacterial, antifungal, antimycotoxigenic and cytotoxic activity. Novel extraction techniques to obtain plant-derived extracts such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), which has gained acceptance for the extraction of valuable substances due to its environmentally friendly character, or ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The extraction techniques of the plant-derived bioactive compounds have a significant impact on the quality of the extracts and their chemical composition

lactic acid bacteria --- plant extracts --- milk fermentation --- total phenolic content --- antioxidant capacities --- seed oils --- antibacterial properties --- cytotoxicity --- antifungal properties --- omega-3 fatty acids --- omega-6 fatty acids --- antitumor activities --- Portulaca oleracea L. --- Luffa aegyptica Mill. --- Cucurbita maxima L. --- Linum usitatissimum L. --- aflatoxin B1 --- Aspergillus flavus --- carotenoids --- curcumin --- maize varieties --- photosensitization --- preservation technique --- Actinidia deliciosa --- by-product valorization --- extraction optimization --- bioactive properties --- natural ingredients --- antifungal activity --- biological plant protection --- cereals quality --- essential oils --- ergosterol --- food chain safety --- Fusarium spp. --- mycotoxins --- antioxidant activity --- antimicrobial properties --- biofilm --- Glechoma hederacea --- supercritical fluid extraction --- n/a

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There is unequivocal experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence demonstrating a correlation between diet and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While nutritionally-poor diets can have a significant negative impact on cardiovascular health, dietary interventions with specific nutrients and/or functional foods are considered cost-effective and efficient components of prevention strategies. It has been estimated that nutritional factors may be responsible for approximately 40% of all CVD. Indeed, in one of the seminal studies conducted on modifiable risk factors and heart health (the INTERHEART study), >90% of all myocardial infarctions were attributed to preventable environmental factors with nutrition identified as one of the important determinants of CVD. There is an increasing public interest in and scientific investigation into establishing dietary approaches that can be undertaken for the prevention and treatment of CVD. This Special Issue provides an insight into the influential role of nutrition and dietary habits on cardiovascular health and disease, as well as their mechanisms of therapeutic and preventive action.

magnesium deficiency --- arterial hypertension --- vascular tone --- arterial stiffness --- vascular remodeling --- insulin resistance --- magnesium supplementation --- dietary magnesium intake --- Zeb2 --- cardiac fibroblast --- activated myofibroblast --- cardiac fibrosis --- fibroblast contractility --- fish oil --- omega-3 fatty acids --- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- cardiovascular disease --- irisin --- pediatric --- children --- nutrition --- diet --- body composition --- metabolic syndrome --- obesity, neonates --- Mediterranean diet --- inflammation --- nutrients --- polyphenols --- MUFA --- PUFA --- bioactive compounds --- phytosterols --- dietary pattern --- Aronia melanocarpa --- standardized extract --- dietary strategies --- supplementation --- cocaine --- cardiovascular health --- heart disease --- acute effects --- chronic effects --- marinobufagenin --- ouabain --- salt --- hypertension --- fibrosis --- Panax quinquefolius --- ginseng berry --- myocardial infarction --- phenolic compounds --- vascular aging --- vascular calcification --- arteriosclerosis --- Klotho --- chronic kidney disease (CKD), cancer --- diabetes --- heart failure --- micronutrients --- iron --- vitamins --- trace elements --- vitamin D --- seasonal variation --- lifestyle --- cytokines --- lipids --- mechanisms --- immunoregulatory --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- coronary heart disease --- stretching --- TGF-β1 --- n/a