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[This book focus on the most recent advances related to the design and processing methods of different nanobiomaterials, films, and fibers; surface functionalization strategies, including biological performance assessment and cytocompatibility; and their applications in tissue engineering strategies.]

antibacterial activity --- tissue engineering --- biomaterials fabrication --- regeneration --- Gadolinium chelate --- MRI --- cell sheet --- drug delivery --- magnetic nanoparticles --- graphene --- silk fibroin --- titania nanotubes --- biointegration --- anodic oxidation --- protein --- nanotechnology --- bone regeneration --- osteoclastogenesis --- dental stem cells --- mimetic peptide --- epithelial-mesenchymal interactions --- cornea endothelial cells --- wound healing --- antibacterial properties --- nanomaterials --- medicine --- RANK-RANKL-OPG --- nanofibers --- odontogenic cells --- lysophosphatidic acid --- photocatalytic activity --- dental enamel regeneration --- dental implant

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Recent biochemical studies indicate that calorie restriction (CR) is a widely accepted method for anti-aging intervention. CR and intermittent fasting (IF), which involves reduced calories but proper nutritional intake during specific periods, are interventions that can consistently promote health benefits, delay biological aging, and extend both average and maximal lifespan. Furthermore, CR can modulate age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and others. Advances in omics technologies have provided a technical breakthrough that enabled the investigation of DNA, RNA, proteins, and other cellular molecules and their comprehensive interactions in a biological context. Nowadays, it is possible to analyze and integrate biological processes that occur in aging systems at the molecular level using state-of-the-art techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics. Omics technology and systems gerontology provide predictive information on CR effects, molecular mechanisms, and pathways underlying the anti-aging actions of CR and IF. This Special Issue, “The effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on health and disease”, focuses on the effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on age-related inflammation, autophagy, metabolism, longevity, mitochondrial function, and age-related diseases.

calorie restriction diet --- body mass reduction --- insulin --- IGF-1 --- leptin --- adiponectin --- malnutrition --- heart impairment --- papillary muscle assay --- calcium transient proteins --- SERCA2a --- L-type calcium channel --- aging --- autophagy --- calorie restriction (CR) --- CR mimetic --- calorie restriction --- FoxO transcription factor --- sirtuin --- neuropeptide Y --- pleiotropy of CR genes --- senescence-associated secretory phenotype --- senoinflammation --- mimetics --- intermittent fasting --- fat mass --- insulin secretion --- pancreatic islet --- lifespan --- longevity --- fasting --- skin aging --- photoaging --- skin appendages --- caloric restriction --- fatty acid biosynthesis --- mitochondrial biogenesis --- adipocyte --- n/a

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Cell membranes are complex structures able to contain the main elements of the cell and to protect them from the external surroundings, becoming the most fundamental interface in Biology. The main subject of this book is the study of the structure and characteristics of lipid membranes in a wide variety of environments, ranging from simple phospholipid membranes to complex systems including proteins, peptides, or oncogenes as well as the analysis of the interactions of the membrane components with small molecules and drugs. The scope of this book is to provide recent developments on membrane structure, composition and function by means of theoretical and experimental techniques, some of them combining computer simulations with available data obtained at the laboratory.This Special Issue aims to report brand new key contributions to the field and also to give an overview about the connection between experiments and computer simulations, addressing fundamental aspects and applied research in biological membranes, with particular attention paid to the applications of computer modeling and simulation to medicine.

peptide --- MD --- GUV --- LUV --- azo-amino acid --- KRas-4B --- mutation --- post-translational modification --- HVR --- anionic plasma membrane --- signaling --- cholesterol --- model membranes --- molecular dynamics --- calorimetry --- Schiff base --- imine --- benzimidazole --- 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde --- neutron reflectometry --- X-ray reflectometry --- small-angle neutron scattering --- small-angle X-ray scattering --- molecular dynamics simulations --- scattering length density profile --- phospholipid membrane --- phosphatidylserine --- cancer cells --- MD simulation --- membrane permeability --- withaferin A --- withanone --- CAPE --- artepillin C --- membrane elasticity --- red blood cells --- hemodynamics --- hemorheology --- microfluidics --- benzothiadiazine derivatives --- drug design --- KCNE3 --- structural dynamics --- lipid bilayers --- molecular dynamics simulation --- membrane mimetic --- n/a

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Over the last 100 years, the numerous advances in science, the improved sanitary conditions and a decline in poverty have led to an increase in life expectancy. As a result, in the coming years, the number of over-65s will triple, and the over-80s will be the fastest growing portion of the population.However, an increased lifespan is associated with an increase in chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, sarcopenia, and degenerative disorders. Therefore, ideally, increased lifespan should be associated to a better healthspan, which is the period one individual is living in good health.Based on evidence that aging is a multifaceted phenomenon, resulting from one or more failures at the molecular, cellular, physiologic, and functional levels, age-related diseases are difficult therapeutic targets.Data on the correlation between the quality of one’s diet and life expectancy, and the application of calorie restriction regimens, or of micronutrients, antioxidants and functional foods in the diet make nutrition, together with exercise, a natural weapon to combat age-related diseases and improve healthspan.

community-dwelling --- elderly --- exercise --- frailty --- intervention --- multi-component --- nutrition education --- randomized controlled trial --- hyperglycemia --- anthocyanins --- endothelial dysfunction --- vasodilation --- energy intake --- memory impairment --- carbohydrates --- sugar --- older adults --- sarcopenia --- muscle mass --- muscle strength --- nutrition --- food frequency questionnaire --- dietary patterns --- reduced rank regression --- community-dwelling older people --- Mediterranean diet --- frailty index --- trajectory --- performance --- nutritional status --- vitamin D --- protein --- vitamin E --- tocotrienol --- metabolites --- obesity --- mice --- inflammation --- diet --- food consumption --- cognition --- cognitive domains --- MCI subtypes --- China --- telomere --- carbohydrate --- NHANES --- antioxidant --- legume --- potato --- seafood --- elderly people --- health --- non-communicable diseases --- malnutrition --- Mexico --- MNA --- MHAS --- healthy aging --- dietary diversity --- physical functional limitation --- comorbidity --- psychological stress --- food restriction --- gut hormones --- hypothalamic neuropeptides and obesity --- aging --- life-span --- health-span --- calorie restriction --- calorie restriction mimetic --- resveratrol --- experimental models --- inflammaging --- probiotics --- healthy older subjects --- dietary pattern --- food variety score --- preterm --- breast milk --- fortification --- neurodevelopment --- n/a

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This Special Issue, entitled “Advanced Polymer Nanocomposites”, collects high-level original and review papers, focused on scientific discussions and practical applications in the field of functional polymer nanocomposites, including (a) optoelectronic materials (papers 1–6), (b) biomedical materials (papers 7–12), and (c) other functional polymer nanocomposites (papers 13–18).

Technology: general issues --- POSS --- poly(vinyl chloride) --- plasticizer --- nanocomposites --- graphene --- electrically conductive adhesive --- fillers --- TiO2 --- Al2O3 --- BN --- resins --- wearable pressure sensor --- piezoresistive sensor --- fiber assembly --- nanofiber aerogel --- reduced graphene oxide --- nano-TiO2 --- poly-geminal dicationic ionic liquid --- hydroquinone --- catechol --- transparent polyimide --- nanocomposite --- film --- organoclay --- thermo-mechanical properties --- optical transparency --- CFRP --- Carbon nanotubes --- Nanocomposites --- Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar --- Energy absorption --- root canal obturation --- composites --- urethane acrylates --- nanoscale silicate platelets --- carbon dioxide-based resins --- dental resin composite --- montmorillonite --- palygorskite --- cartilage tissue --- amphiphilic gelatin microcapsules --- tissue-mimetic pellets --- magnetic stimulation --- CD44 receptor --- soluble polyimide --- polyurethane --- Jeffamine --- organic-inorganic hybrid film --- Stretchable transistor --- silicone nanoparticles --- PDMS --- TEOS --- hydrogels --- soft contact lenses --- polymerizable reduced graphene oxide --- in situ polymerization --- electrical conductivity --- dispersion of 2D nanosheets --- powder coating --- thermal conductivity --- heat dissipation --- thermal radiation --- vanadium redox flow battery --- carbon felt --- atmospheric plasma --- polyacrylonitrile --- 3D printing process --- mesoporous iron oxide --- microneedles --- minoxidil --- electrochemical polymerization --- PEDOT --- graphene oxide --- anti-fouling capability --- anti-bacterial capability --- black phosphorene --- boron nitride --- flame retardant --- waterborne polyurethane --- organic montmorillonite --- natural rubber --- damping properties --- mechanical properties