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This report explores the nature of the risks inherent in U.S. security sector assistance to the fragile states of Africa and how the United States might better anticipate and mitigate these risks. It examines these issues through a review of qualitative and quantitative literature from both the academic and policy fields and through interviews conducted throughout the agencies of the U.S. government. The quantitative literature suggests a stark dilemma for those responsible for U.S. security sector assistance to the AFRICOM area of responsibility: The countries that are most in need of assistance are usually the ones least able to make positive use of it. Case studies of security sector assistance in the fragile countries in Africa are used to trace multiple specific pathways by which such assistance can have negative second- and third-order effects. Finally, the report provides numerous recommendations about ways in which the United States can improve the processes by which it monitors and evaluates, plans, and implements security sector assistance in the fragile states of Africa and more generally.

Military assistance, American --- Security sector --- Political stability --- Conflict management --- Armies --- Military & Naval Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Risk assessment --- Homeland security sector --- Internal security sector --- National security sector --- American military assistance --- Public administration

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Guatemala is a major transit point for drugs bound for the United States and the recipient of U.S. counternarcotics aid and technical assistance, much of which is provided through U.S. Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM) and U.S. Army South. As a first step by Guatemala in putting this aid to work toward developing its own counternarcotics capacity, the president of Guatemala established the Interagency Task Force (IATF) Tecún Umán. USSOUTHCOM has expressed the intent to apply the IATF as a model to other similarly porous border regions in the area. Thus, documenting and using lessons from the IATF Tecún Umán will help in the development of new and similar units. This report is intended to support that lessons-learned function, demonstrate how these preliminary lessons are being applied to future IATF development, and provide recommendations on how to resolve remaining IATF challenges. Lessons learned include the importance of establishing the interagency legal framework early, clearly defining the interagency relationships, developing an intelligence capability organic to the task force, implementing police authority and leadership, identifying measures of success, communicating the IATF's purpose and success to the public, and maintaining equipment. Remaining tasks include resolving the duality-of-command issue, improving operational planning capability, addressing corruption problems, and addressing IATF Tecún Umán issues before refocusing efforts to IATF Chortí. The United States has played a key role in supporting Guatemala's efforts to overcome these challenges. By investing in the IATF and building capacity, the United States will contribute to the Guatemalans' ability to sustain the IATF themselves.

Military assistance, American --- Drug control --- Drug control. --- Military assistance, American. --- Guatemala. --- American military assistance --- Narcotics, Control of --- Drug enforcement --- Drug law enforcement --- Drug policy --- Drug traffic control --- Drug traffic --- War on drugs --- Vice control --- Drugs --- Prevention --- Government policy --- Goatemala --- Gvatemala --- Republic of Guatemala --- República de Guatemala

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Arms transfers. --- Arms sales --- Arms traffic --- Foreign military sales --- Military sales --- Munitions --- Sale of military equipment --- International trade --- Arms race --- Defense industries --- Military assistance --- Civil-military relations. --- Finland.

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"For both diplomatic and national security reasons, security cooperation continues to be important for the United States. The Department of Defense conducts an assortment of programs aimed at building the capacity of partner nations, and training is an important element of these efforts. The needs and existing capabilities of various nations differ, however, as will results. Planning for each building partner capacity (BPC) effort carefully, assessing progress while the effort is in progress, and assessing results are all important to ensure that it meets U.S. goals and partner expectations. This report presents a framework intended to aid all these steps. Before execution, the framework can help determine and plan for what might go wrong with the intended BPC effort. During BPC execution, the framework can help monitor progress to discover whether everything is going according to plan and, if not, what is wrong and what can be done about it. Finally, the framework can help determine whether the BPC has achieved its objectives and, if not, why and what can be done about it in the future"--Publisher's description

Military assistance, American --- Military education --- Soldiers --- National security --- Evaluation. --- International cooperation --- Training of --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Military policy --- Armed Forces personnel --- Members of the Armed Forces --- Military personnel --- Military service members --- Service members --- Servicemen, Military --- Armed Forces --- Army schools --- Education, Military --- Military art and science --- Military schools --- Military training --- Schools, Military --- Education --- American military assistance --- Government policy --- Study and teaching

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Security force assistance (SFA) is a central pillar of the counterinsurgency campaign being waged by U.S. and coalition forces in Afghanistan. The outcome of the campaign hinges, in large measure, on the effectiveness of the assistance given to the Afghan National Army, Afghan National Police, and other security forces, assistance that the International Security Force must provide while fighting the insurgents. Yet senior U.S. military and civilian officials have posed many questions about the effectiveness of SFA in Afghanistan, and no empirically rigorous assessments exist to help answer these questions. This monograph analyzes SFA efforts in Afghanistan over time and documents U.S. and international approaches to building the Afghan National Security Forces from 2001 to 2009. Finally, it provides observations and recommendations that emerged from extensive fieldwork in Afghanistan in 2009 and their implications for the U.S Army.

Military assistance, American --- National security --- Internal security --- #SBIB:327.5H30 --- Security, Internal --- Insurgency --- Subversive activities --- Militaire organisaties – leger- stijdkracht --- Afghanistan. --- Afghan National Army --- ANA (Afghan National Army) --- Afghanistan National Security Forces. --- Subversive activitiesMilitaire organisaties – leger- stijdkrachtAfghanistan. --- ‏افغانستان.‏ --- Afghanistan. Afghan National Army. --- Internal security -- Afghanistan. --- Military assistance, American -- Afghanistan. --- National security -- Afghanistan. --- Combined operations (Military science) --- Stability operations --- Armed Forces --- Counterinsurgency --- Counterguerrilla warfare --- Guerrilla warfare --- Allied operations (Military science) --- Military art and science --- Strategy --- Tactics --- Armed Services --- Military, The --- Disarmament --- International Security Assistance Force (Afghanistan) --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- North Atlantic treaty organisation --- NAVO --- OTAN --- ISAF --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization. --- Kumak aw Hamkārī (Afghanistan) --- United States --- Stability operations. --- Stabilization operations --- NATO --- Afghanistan National Army