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This open access book focuses on the origins, consequences and aftermath of the 1995 and 1999 Western military interventions that led to the end of the most recent Balkan wars. Though challenging problems remain in Bosnia, Macedonia, Kosovo, and Serbia, the conflict prevention and state-building efforts thereafter were partly successful as countries of the region are on separate tracks towards European Union membership. This study highlights lessons that can be applied to the Middle East and Ukraine, where similar conflicts are likewise challenging sovereignty and territorial integrity. It is an accessible treatment of what makes war and how to make peace ideal for all readers interested in how violent international conflicts can be managed, informed by the experience of a practitioner. Daniel Serwer is Professor and Director of the Conflict Management program at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, USA. .

Peace. --- Russia-Politics and government. --- Russia-History. --- Middle East-Politics and governm. --- Peace Studies. --- Russian and Post-Soviet Politics. --- Russian, Soviet, and East European History. --- Conflict Studies. --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- International relations --- Disarmament --- Peace-building --- Security, International --- War --- Russia --- Middle East --- Politics and government. --- History. --- Russia—Politics and government. --- Russia—History. --- Europe, Eastern—History. --- Middle East—Politics and government. --- Political science --- Peace --- Russia—Politics and government --- Russia—History --- Europe, Eastern—History --- Middle East—Politics and government

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“In this book, Timea Spitka raises hopeful possibilities to transform the Israel-Palestinian conflict. She considers the many national and international governmental and nongovernmental organizations, which recognize global norms to protect an ethno-religious group from state genocide or subjugation. Significantly, she assesses their actions, which have made varying contributions to protect the Palestinians in the territories subjected to Israeli military control. This research unravels some of the myths and contradictions in traditional national and security studies and focuses on the delivery and gaps in the protection of civilians.” — Louis Kriesberg, Professor Emeritus of Social Conflict Studies, Syracuse University, US. This open access book examines security and protection within Israel and Palestine, analyzing national and international security strategies that apply to the protection of civilians. The author examines the principles, practices and the perception of protection. Focusing on protection strategies and practices in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, this book reveals some of the myths and enigmas of national and international protection of civilians. The book moves beyond the current lack of protection strategies to discuss more effective human security focused on prioritizing protection of civilians, use of alternative tools such as community policing and inclusive protection. Timea Spitka is a current fellow at the Norman Patterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She was previously a post-doctoral fellow and a researcher at Hebrew University, Israel, and a researcher in Security Studies at the Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Timea has worked for international organizations including the United Nations and Oxfam in several conflict zones including Bosnia and Herzegovina and Israel/Palestine. Her main areas of research and expertise are on human security, global responsibility to protect, gender and children’s rights. She is the author of several articles including: Normative Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Consensus on the IsraeliPalestinian Conflict and the author of the book: International Intervention, Identity and Conflict Transformation: Bridges and Walls Between Groups.

Middle East—Politics and government. --- Human rights. --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- Politics and Human Rights. --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation --- Middle East --- Politics and government.

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This open access book presents an international comparison of religiously motivated extremism in the Arab world and around the globe. Based on data from the Arab Barometer and the World Values Survey, it applies advanced statistical techniques to analyze how religiously motivated political extremism affects political and social outcomes as well as political violence. The study clearly shows that identification with a political Islam that also influences elections, promotes religious and gender discrimination, and advocates an Islamist interpretation of Islam, are the main interrelated syndromes of political Islam that together explain more than 50% of the total variance of the 24 model variables used. “A carefully and methodically flawlessly researched work, which is highly recommended for all those who deal seriously with this topic. Professor Arno Tausch is clear-headed and possesses a remarkable ability to make the broad picture of Political Islam accessible.“ Hon. Prof. Gunther Hauser, Head of the Department Strategy and Security Policy, National Defense Academy, Vienna, Austria “Methodological rigorous, scientifically sound, empirically rich and combining the best of qualitative and quantitative approaches, Prof Arno Tausch has produced a tour de force on Political Islam. This study reflects the best scholarship on the subject and will be of use to both policy makers and academics.” Prof Hussein Solomon, Academic Head of the Department of Political Studies and Governance, University of the Free State, South Africa.

Terrorism. --- Political violence. --- Middle East—Politics and government. --- Religion and sociology. --- Terrorism and Political Violence. --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- Sociology of Religion. --- Religion and society --- Religious sociology --- Society and religion --- Sociology, Religious --- Sociology and religion --- Sociology of religion --- Sociology --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror

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This edited volume is an open access title and assembles both the historical consciousness and transformation of the MENA region in various disciplinary and topical facets. At the same time, it aims to go beyond the MENA region, contributing to critical debates on area studies while pointing out transregional and cultural references in a broad and comparative manner. The Editors Prof. Dr Rachid Ouaissa is professor of Politics of the Middle East at the Center for Near and Middle Eastern Studies at Philipps-Universität Marburg. Prof. Dr. Friederike Pannewick is professor of Arabic Studies at the Center for Near and Middle Eastern Studies at Philipps-Universität Marburg. Dr. Alena Strohmaier is postdoctoral researcher in Media and Middle Eastern Studies at the Center for Near and Middle Eastern Studies at Philipps-Universität Marburg.

Middle East—Politics and government. --- Africa—Politics and government. --- International relations. --- Ethnology—Middle East . --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- African Politics. --- International Relations. --- Middle Eastern Culture. --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Middle Eastern Politics --- African Politics --- International Relations --- Middle Eastern Culture --- Peace and Conflict Studies --- Middle East --- North Africa --- Middle East and North Africa --- Cultures --- Revolution --- Transregional --- Politics --- Reconfigurations --- MENA Region --- Open Access --- Politics & government --- Africa --- Cultural studies --- Ethnology --- Culture. --- Politics and government. --- Middle East . --- Cultural sociology --- Culture --- Sociology of culture --- Civilization --- Popular culture --- Social aspects

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This open access book questions the stereotype depicting all Gulf (GCC) economies as not sustainable, and starts a critical discussion of what these economies and polities should do to guarantee themselves a relatively stable future. Volatile international oil markets and the acceleration of the energy transition has challenged the notion that oil revenues are sufficient to sustain oil economies in the near to medium term. But what is the meaning of economic sustainability? The book discusses the multiple dimensions of the concept: economic diversification, continuing value of resources, taxation and fiscal development, labor market sustainability, sustainable income distribution, environmental sustainability, political order (democracy or authoritarianism) and sustainability, regional integration. The overarching message in this book is that we should move on from the simplistic branding of the Gulf economies as unsustainable and tackle the details of which adaptations they might need to undertake.

Political economy. --- Sustainable development. --- Natural resources. --- Energy policy. --- Energy and state. --- Middle East—Politics and government. --- Middle East—Economic conditions. --- Energy and state --- Power resources --- State and energy --- Industrial policy --- Energy conservation --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Government policy --- Economic aspects --- Environmental aspects --- International Political Economy --- Sustainable Development --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management --- Middle Eastern Politics --- Middle Eastern and North African Economics --- International Relations --- Environmental Social Sciences --- Environmental Economics --- Economy-wide Country Studies --- Open Access --- Sustainability of GCC Development --- New Global Oil Order --- Economic sustainability in resource-rich states --- Gulf Economic Diversification and Sustainable Development --- Political Economy of Diversification --- Economic Transformation vs. Diversification --- Oil and Economic Diversification --- Fiscal dimensions of Economic Sustainability --- Labour Market dimensions of Economic Sustainability --- Hydrocarbon Endowment in the Gulf Region --- Normalizing the Saudi Economy --- Inclusive Growth in the Gulf Region --- Saudi Private Sector’s Contribution to Fiscal Sustainability --- Economic Sustainability and the Energy Transition --- Economic Diversification in the MENA --- Peak Oil and the Energy Transition in the MENA --- Economic Diversification Through Energy Sector Reform --- Energy Pricing Reform in the Gulf Region --- Climate Strategy for Producer Countries --- Sustainability --- Environmental economics --- Energy technology & engineering --- Energy industries & utilities --- Politics & government --- Middle East --- Economics --- International economic relations. --- Sustainability. --- Power resources. --- Africa, North --- International Political Economy’. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics. --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management. --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- Middle Eastern/North African Economics. --- Politics and government. --- Economic conditions. --- Sustainability science --- Human ecology --- Social ecology --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Energy --- Energy resources --- Power supply --- Energy harvesting --- Energy industries --- Energy policy --- Petroleum industry and trade