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"This open access book explores the intertwined histories of mapmaking and copyright law in Britain from the early modern period up to World War 1, focusing chiefly on the 18th and 19th centuries. Taking a multidisciplinary approach and making extensive use of the archival record, this is the first detailed, historical account of the relationship between maps and copyright. As such, it examines how the emergence and development of copyright law affected mapmakers and the map trade and how the application of copyright law to the field of mapmaking affected the development of copyright doctrine. Its explorations cast new light on the circulation of geographical knowledge, different cultures of authorship and creativity, and connections between copyright law, print culture, technology, and society. The book will be of interest to legal historians, intellectual property scholars, and historians of the map and print culture, as well as those interested in the history of knowledge and how legal control over data has been exerted over time. It takes the reader back to the earliest attempts to establish who can own and control geographical information and its graphic representation in the form of a map. In so doing, it establishes a long history of tension between the interests of private enterprise, government, and the public. The book's investigations end in the first decades of the 20th century, but the tensions it identifies persist in the 21st century, although today paper maps have been largely replaced by web-based mapping platforms and digital geospatial data. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Australian Research Council"--

Copyright --- Maps --- History.

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The self-organizing map, first described by the Finnish scientist Teuvo Kohonen, can by applied to a wide range of fields. This book is about such applications, i.e. how the original self-organizing map as well as variants and extensions of it can be applied in different fields. In fourteen chapters, a wide range of such applications is discussed. To name a few, these applications include the analysis of financial stability, the fault diagnosis of plants, the creation of well-composed heterogeneous teams and the application of the self-organizing map to the atmospheric sciences.

Self-organizing maps. --- Algorithms, Kohonen --- Kohonen algorithms --- Kohonen maps --- Kohonen's maps --- Maps, Kohonen --- Maps, Self-organizing --- SOMs (Self-organizing maps) --- Neural networks (Computer science) --- Self-organizing systems --- Human-computer interaction

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Cognitive maps (Psychology) --- Maps, Cognitive (Psychology) --- Mental models --- Models, Mental --- Cognition --- Mathematical modelling

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Mit der Konvergenz von Raum, Medien und Design verändern sich nicht nur Designpraktiken radikal, sondern auch die Oberflächen, die es zu gestalten gilt: Digitale Karten ermöglichen eine Schnittstelle zur physischen Welt und erlauben neuartige Formen von Navigation und räumlicher Erfahrung. Gleichzeitig werfen Internetunternehmen als Kartografen Diskussionen über Ungleichheiten und hegemoniale Ansprüche auf. Dieses Buch führt in dieses Feld ein, skizziert wichtige Einflüsse, Theorien und Herangehensweisen und erklärt anhand aktueller Beispiele, wie kartenbasierte Interfaces funktionieren können. Die so entwickelten Grundlagen bieten aber auch Inspiration für einen kritischen und experimentellen Zugang, der für DesignerIinnen, PraktikerIinnen und für ein designinteressiertes Publikum von Belang ist.

Graphic design --- Educational: Art & design --- digital maps hegemony

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Soil biodiversity --- Soils --- Biodiversity --- Soil biology --- Soil fauna --- Soil microorganisms --- Rhizosphere --- soil organisms --- Europe --- ZV Biogeography --- Maps (1946-) --- E-books --- Sols --- Biologie --- Biology --- Soil biodiversity - Europe - Maps --- Soils - Europe - Maps