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The papers reported here will contribute to proposing new insights into the mechanisms of several conditions, as well as suggesting new diagnostic alternatives and therapeutic targets in widespread pathologies such inflammation and inflammatory-based diseases. The discovery of the new is, as always, anchored in recourse to the old.

toxicity --- long-lasting effect --- iso-?-acids --- ammonium glycyrrhizinate --- metabolomics --- cytokines --- Alnus sibirica --- energy metabolism --- curcumin --- antineuroinflammation --- nitric oxide --- antioxidant --- nutraceutical food --- liver --- nardochinoid B --- endometriosis --- adipose tissue --- Nardostachys chinensis --- tau --- macrophage --- nociception --- heme oxygenase-1 --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- IL-6 --- nuciferine --- docking --- chronic nonbacterial prostatitis --- black tea polyphenol --- network pharmacology --- Tagetes patula L. --- SEM --- lipopolysaccharide --- solid lipid nanoparticle --- tauopathy --- memory --- lupane-type triterpene --- acute lung injury --- inducible nitric oxide synthase --- inflammation --- anti-inflammatory --- microglia --- resveratrol --- theaflavins --- hirsutanonol --- short-term high-fat diet --- inflammatory disease --- juçara --- oregonin --- PPARs --- NF-?B --- neuroprotection --- Portulaca oleracea --- TNF-? --- depression

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Tissue fibrosis may occur for unknown causes or be the consequence of many pathological conditions including chronic inflammatory or infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, graft rejection, or malignancy. On the other hand, malignant tumors have been identified in fibrotic tissues decades ago, and now accumulating evidence suggests that fibrotic lesions enhance the risk of cancer in several organs such as liver, lungs, and breast. Disruption of an organ parenchymal cells and of its normal structural scaffold during tissue fibrogenesis appears to induce loss of cell polarity, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation that may eventually lead to cancer development. Many cellular and molecular abnormalities including aberrant expression of microRNAs, genetic and epigenetic alterations, evasion or delayed apoptosis, unregulated intracellular signal pathways, and dysregulation or defective intercellular communications have been proposed to explain this link between fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms of this fibrosis-to-cancer transition remain unclear. This book presents a collection of reviews and original articles summarizing recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer development in fibrotic organs.

bleomycin --- n/a --- regeneration --- antitumor efficacy --- lung cancer --- SOX2 --- leiomyosarcoma --- lung cancer (LC) --- nanoparticles --- cytokines --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- metabolic reprogramming --- hepatic stellate cells --- angiogenesis --- transforming growth factor-? --- anaplastic lymphoma kinase --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis --- growth factor --- pathogenesis --- cancer-associated fibroblasts --- fibrosis --- lipopolysaccharide --- DHA --- lncRNA --- SREBP-1 --- YAP --- protein S --- non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) --- omega-3 fatty acid --- inflammation --- metastasis --- clinical symptoms --- miRNA --- smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential --- Wnt --- interstitial fluid pressure --- heterogeneity --- hepatocytes --- myometrium --- tumor necrosis factor ? --- tumor --- tumor microenvironment --- extracellular matrix --- TAZ --- carcinogenesis --- cystic formation --- pulmonary fibrosis --- HBV --- cytokine --- genetic instability --- diagnosis --- EMT --- crizotinib --- Hippo pathway --- GPR120 --- marker --- HCV --- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis --- pathology --- common pathways --- apoptosis --- type I collagen --- GPR40 --- acute lung injury --- uterine fibroid --- renal injury --- pathophysiology --- reactive oxygen species --- immunohistochemistry --- SMAD --- butylidenephthalide --- leiomyoma --- cirrhosis --- Erk1/2 --- targeted therapy --- TGF-? --- mechanotransduction --- therapy --- breast cancer --- hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) --- hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) --- cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) --- cancer --- signal pathway --- tumor stiffness

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The consumption of fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices, etc., is thought to be associated with reduced risk for many human diseases, including cancers. Recently, significant advances have been made in evaluating the efficacy of natural products (compounds from natural sources) against human diseases. The purpose of this Special Issue, “Natural Products and Disease Prevention, Relief and Treatment", was to collect manuscripts concerning natural products for treating human diseases. Consequently, we have collected several high-quality manuscripts that focus on the molecular mechanisms of natural products, including their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antifibrotic, and anticancer effects, as well as other health beneficial effects across a wide range of human diseases. Overall, this Special Issue is an excellent source for information on promising natural products for future preclinical and clinical research into multiple diseases.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Rubi Fructus --- Rubus coreanus --- lipopolysaccharide --- macrophage --- ER stress --- calcium --- chop --- STAT --- cytokine --- nitric oxide --- β-glucan --- anticancer activity --- antioxidant --- anti-inflammatory --- cyclooxygenase --- lipoxygenase --- cauliflower mushroom --- breast cancer --- Spirulina --- tocotrienol --- immunomodulatory --- synergistic --- metastasis --- YG-1 extract --- bronchodilation --- fine particulate matter (PM2.5) --- acute lung injury --- airway inflammation --- pancreatic cancer --- natural product --- traditional medicine --- apoptosis --- angiogenesis --- drug resistance --- inflammation --- interleukin-6 --- sepsis --- Dracocephalum moldavica --- NASH --- lactoferrin --- fibrosis --- hepatocarcinogenesis --- connexin --- brown algae --- Sargassum plagiophyllum --- constipation --- gastrointestinal transit --- gut microbiota --- transepithelial transport --- glaucoma --- herbs --- retinal ganglion cells --- intraocular pressure --- SLC22A12 --- quercetin --- fisetin --- uricosuric activity --- anti-hyperuricemia --- functional food --- transporter --- uric acid --- health promotion --- rooibos tea --- doxorubicin --- mokko lactone --- heart --- Mokko lactone --- Dracocephalum moldavica ethanol extract --- Sparassis crispa --- fisetin and quercetin --- Sargassum plagiophyllum extract

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Autophagy (“auto-digestion”), a lysosome-dependent process, degrades and turns over damaged or senescent organelles and proteins. Autophagy is a highly regulated process that impacts several vital cellular responses, including inflammation, cell death, energy metabolism, and homeostasis of organelles (mitochondria and others). Although the role of autophagy in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis is well documented, its role during tissue injury and regeneration is still emerging. In this Special Issue on “Autophagy in Tissue Injury and Homeostasis”, we focus on the roles of autophagy in systemic, specific tissue (organs/cells) injury or organ failure associated with sepsis, inflammation, metabolic disorder, toxic chemicals, ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypoxic oxidative stress, tissue fibrosis, trauma, and nutrient starvation. The knowledge gained from the identification and characterization of new molecular mechanisms will shed light on biomedical applications for tissue protection through the modulation of autophagy.

aging --- dietary restriction --- acute kidney injury --- mitochondria --- autophagy --- mitophagy --- ischemia --- renal tubular cells --- diabetic nephropathy --- exosomes --- mTOR --- innate immunity --- immune cell --- inflammasome --- Paneth cell --- inflammatory bowel disease --- Crohn’s disease --- hepatocytes --- hepatic stellate cells --- sinusoidal endothelial cells --- macrophages --- fibrosis --- cirrhosis --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- biomarkers --- cell death --- glutaminase --- metabolism --- molecular rehabilitation. --- kidney diseases --- oxidative stress --- inflammation --- ATGs --- intestinal homeostasis --- inflammatory bowel diseases --- HCC therapy --- Autophagy --- acute lung injury --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis --- COPD --- tuberculosis --- PAH --- cystic fibrosis --- Beclin-1 --- cardiac dysfunction --- sepsis --- endotoxemia --- muscle regeneration --- stem cell --- immune --- macrophage --- senescence --- exercise --- caloric restriction --- diabetic retinopathy --- PINK1 --- Notoginsenoside R1 --- ethanol --- LC3 --- apoptosis --- Sertoli cell --- Parkin --- TFEB --- infertility --- AMPK --- FOXO --- MTOR --- parkin --- spinal cord injury --- traumatic brain injury --- autophagic flux --- neuronal cell death --- lysosomal damage --- n/a --- Crohn's disease

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a diverse group of carbon-based molecules that are volatile at ambient temperatures and are emitted by an organism as a result of metabolic processes of cells and associated microbiome. The qualitative and quantitative profile of VOCs in biological fluids can vary depending on the physiological changes. Therefore, the pattern of volatile metabolites may reflect the presence of several diseases. This has been intensively investigated in the last few decades, resulting in an increasing number of studies focused on new volatile biomarker discovery.This reprint aimed to summarize the recent findings related to VOCs detected in various biological fluids such as breath, urine and feces for biomedical applications. The content covers various topics, including but not limited to biomedical/medical application of VOC analysis, biomarker discovery, and novel approaches for sampling and analyzing VOCs.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- liquid–liquid extraction --- volatile compounds --- urine --- method optimization --- GC-MS --- 1H-NMR --- iron deficiency anaemia --- iron supplementation --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) --- intestinal metabolome --- gut microbiome --- CDH --- microbiome --- VOCs --- spiroergometry --- outcome --- exhaled breath --- eNose --- smoking --- asthma --- COPD --- NTD-GC-MS --- breath --- lung cancer --- biomarkers --- volatile organic compounds --- urine analysis --- comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography --- kidney diseases --- urinary biomarkers --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- diagnosis --- headspace analysis --- untargeted analysis --- breath analysis --- cancer biomarkers --- volatolomics --- whole grain --- rye --- comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry --- dietary fiber --- e-nose --- electronic nose --- breathing rhythm --- mechanical ventilation --- anesthesia --- supplemental oxygen --- oxygen toxicity --- lipid peroxidation --- volatile aldehydes --- pentanal --- hexanal --- classification models --- dairy cows --- fecal headspace --- Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) --- paratuberculosis --- random forest --- stable air --- volatile organic compound (VOC) --- biomarker --- MCC–IMS --- ventilator-induced lung injury --- metabolome --- feces --- neonates --- fermentation --- protein --- carbohydrate --- short chain fatty acid --- metabolites --- volatile organic compound --- acute gastritis --- antibiotic treatment --- treatment dynamics: microbiota --- mid-infrared spectroscopy --- short-chain fatty acid --- alpha-keto acid --- Helicobacter pylori --- MOX sensors --- low sensing chamber volume --- calibration transfer --- standard samples --- piecewise direct standardization --- correlation alignment --- breath sampling --- pattern recognition