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Forgotten People deals with people living at the fringes of the Indonesian society. It describes and analyses their livelihoods and styles of making a living from an insider perspective. While Indonesia has experienced steady economic growth for more than a decade, the livelihoods and lifestyles of poor people and migrants confronted with poverty and insecurity have received less attention. This book describes and analyses diversity in livelihood strategies, risk-taking and local forms of social security (social welfare) of people living below or close to the Indonesian poverty line. It puts two categories of forgotten people at the centre. Peasants, living in remote areas in rural Java, and Madurese migrants craving for a better life in urban and rural East Kalimantan. A full text Open Access version is also available.

Poor --- Peasants --- Madurese (Indonesian people) --- Economic conditions. --- Peasantry --- Ethnology --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- indonesia --- Cattle --- East Kalimantan --- Kalimantan --- Madura Island --- Madurese people --- Rice --- Samarinda

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Set in West Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo, this study explores the shifting relationships between border communities and the state along the political border with East Malaysia. The book rests on the premise that remote border regions offer an exciting study arena that can tell us important things about how marginal citizens relate to their nation-state. The basic assumption is that central state authority in the Indonesian borderlands has never been absolute, but waxes and wanes, and state rules and laws are always up for local interpretation and negotiation. In its role as key symbol of state sovereignty, the borderland has become a place were central state authorities are often most eager to govern and exercise power. But as illustrated, the borderland is also a place were state authority is most likely to be challenged, questioned and manipulated as border communities often have multiple loyalties that transcend state borders and contradict imaginations of the state as guardians of national sovereignty and citizenship. Full text (Open Access)

Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- East Asia --- Illegitimacy and crime --- Patronage, Political --- Lumber trade --- Guerrilla warfare --- Kapuas Hulu (Indonesia) --- Politics and government. --- Unconventional warfare --- Lumber industry --- Timber industry --- Political patronage --- Spoils system --- Crime and illegitimacy --- Insurgency --- War --- Irregular warfare --- Forest products industry --- Lumbering --- Civil service reform --- Crime --- Guerrilla warfare. --- Illegitimacy and crime. --- Lumber trade. --- Patronage, Political. --- Indonesia --- Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu (Indonesia) --- Daerah Tingkat II Kapuas Hulu (Indonesia) --- Clientelism, Political --- Patron-client politics --- Political clientelism --- Political sociology --- indonesia --- kalimantan --- local politics --- borderland studies --- Dutch language --- Iban people --- Lumber --- Malaysia --- Sarawak --- West Kalimantan

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Forest policy --- Forest management --- Forests and forestry --- Forestry and community --- Land tenure --- Land use --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Forestry --- Land --- Land utilization --- Use of land --- Utilization of land --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Community and forestry --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Forest resource policy --- State and forestry --- Management --- Administration --- Government policy --- Economics --- Land cover --- Landscape assessment --- NIMBY syndrome --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- Communities --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Ecosystem management --- Economic policy --- Control --- Forest management. --- Forest policy. --- Forestry and community. --- Forests and forestry. --- Land tenure. --- Land use. --- Borneo. --- Kalimantan Island --- Kalimanten Island --- Indonesia --- Pacific Ocean

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As a dynamic interface between agriculture and forestry, agroforestry has only recently been formally recognized as a relevant part of land use with ‘trees outside forest’ in important parts of the world—but not everywhere yet. The Sustainable Development Goals have called attention to the need for the multifunctionality of landscapes that simultaneously contribute to multiple goals. In the UN decade of landscape restoration, as well as in response to the climate change urgency and biodiversity extinction crisis, an increase in global tree cover is widely seen as desirable, but its management by farmers or forest managers remains contested. Agroforestry research relates tree–soil–crop–livestock interactions at the plot level with landscape-level analysis of social-ecological systems and efforts to transcend the historical dichotomy between forest and agriculture as separate policy domains. An ‘ecosystem services’ perspective quantifies land productivity, flows of water, net greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity conservation, and combines an ‘actor’ perspective (farmer, landscape manager) with that of ‘downstream’ stakeholders (in the same watershed, ecologically conscious consumers elsewhere, global citizens) and higher-level regulators designing land-use policies and spatial zoning.

carbon storage --- cacao agroforestry --- farmer tree preference --- utility value --- entrainment --- erosion --- forest conversion --- overland flow --- soil macroporosity --- throughfall --- water balance --- boundary work --- ecohydrology --- forest–water–people nexus --- landscape approach --- participatory methods --- scenario evaluation --- social-ecological systems --- tropical forests --- assisted natural regeneration (ANR) --- co-investment --- ecosystem services --- environmental stewardship --- equity --- forest and landscape restoration (FLR) --- rights-based approach --- tree planting --- water --- coffee --- fruit trees --- index of root anchoring --- slope stability --- soil shear strength --- root length density --- root tensile strength --- agroforestry --- carbon sequestration --- climate change mitigation --- grazing management --- land restoration --- nationally determined contribution --- silvopastoral --- tree cover --- cocoa agroforestry --- climate adaptation --- soil restoration --- soil organic carbon --- soil macro-porosity --- soil water availability --- inceptisols --- Fraxinus dimorpha --- soil chemical characteristics --- mycorrhizal attributes --- traditional ecological knowledge --- anastomosis --- agroforest --- silvopasture --- economics --- financial analysis --- carbon payment --- Peru --- innovation transfer --- trimming --- intention --- participatory and integrative research-extension --- stakeholders --- adaptation --- Kisumu --- Bungoma --- payment for ecosystem services --- village savings and loan associations --- fruit tree-based agroforestry --- economic benefits --- farmer perspectives --- resource competition --- systems improvement --- uptake and expansion --- cost-benefit analysis --- landscape restoration --- global --- stocktake --- agroforestry coffee --- shade tree species --- pairwise ranking --- Vietnam --- trees on farm --- options by context --- on-farm planned comparison --- tree seedling survival --- agriculture sector --- cost efficiency --- land suitability --- potential expansion areas --- representative concentration pathway --- cocoa --- Java --- livelihoods --- rural–urban --- remittances --- returning migrants --- Sumatra --- Sulawesi --- certification --- deforestation --- palm oil --- forest classification --- Jambi --- legality --- independent smallholders --- agroforestry concessions --- West Kalimantan --- land-use change --- belowground biodiversity --- soil engineers --- Pontoscolex corethrurus --- natural habitats --- planted forest --- artesian wells --- Oryza --- paddy cultivation --- restoration --- rodents --- sustainable intensification --- Mount Bromo-Tengger --- coinvestment --- instrumental values --- landscape --- relational values --- social–ecological systems --- stewardship --- sustainable development goals (SDGs) --- trees --- n/a --- forest-water-people nexus --- rural-urban