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This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. The Gulf of Mexico is an open and dynamic marine ecosystem rich in natural resources but heavily impacted by human activities, including agricultural, industrial, commercial and coastal development. Nutrients and pollutants from coastal communities and dozens of rivers flow into the Gulf, including material from the Mississippi River watershed, which drains over one third of continental United States. The Gulf of Mexico has been continuously exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons for millions of years from natural oil and gas seeps on the sea floor, and more recently from oil drilling and production activities located in the water near and far from shore. Major accidental oil spills in the Gulf are infrequent; two of the most significant include the Ixtoc I blowout in the Bay of Campeche in 1979 and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in 2010. Unfortunately, baseline assessments of the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before these spills either were not available, or the data had not been systematically compiled in a way that would help scientists assess the potential short-term and long-term effects of such events. This 2-volume series compiles and summarizes thousands of data sets showing the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill that began on April 20, 2010. Volume 1 begins with an overview of the following 13 chapters and focuses on the big picture rather than the details of habitat quality and biota.  Volume 1 covers: • Water and sediment quality and contaminants, to provide perspective on environmental conditions in the Gulf. • Natural oil and gas seeps in the Gulf of Mexico, to identify natural sources of exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons. • Coastal habitats, including flora and fauna and coastal geology. • Offshore benthos and plankton, with an analysis of current knowledge on energy capture and energy flows in the Gulf. • Shellfish and finfish resources that provide the basis for commercial and recreational fisheries. Volume 2 covers: • Historical data on commercial and recreational fisheries, with an analysis of marketing trends and drivers. • Ecology, populations and risks to birds, sea turtles and marine mammals in the Gulf of Mexico. • A final chapter extensively illustrated with original images on diseases and mortalities of fish and other animals that inhabit the Gulf of Mexico.  Chapters in these volumes have been peer reviewed by scientific experts in the subject areas covered.  Hopefully, the collection and analysis of such data for the Gulf of Mexico will be continued and sponsored by responsible federal and state agencies with the frequency needed to accurately assess potential damage to natural resources from ecologically harmful events that may occur in the future.

Environment. --- Environmental management. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Environmental Management. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Marine Sciences. --- environmental management --- marine --- freshwater sciences

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De l’origine des espèces et des premiers inventaires naturalistes aux pratiques de pêche traditionnelles et actuelles, en passant par la systématique et l’écologie des principales familles, ce livre dresse un panorama complet et richement illustré des poissons d’eau douce africains. Les représentations symboliques et artistiques ancestrales, ainsi que de nombreux témoignages actuels, invitent le lecteur à découvrir comment la pêche et les poissons continuent d’imprégner profondément les sociétés africaines. La domestication des espèces, à travers la pisciculture et l’aquariophilie, est également abordée. Ce livre n’a pas le format classique des ouvrages scientifiques. En effet, les auteurs ont fait le choix de diversifier les sources d’information et de privilégier l’iconographie, afin de rendre la lecture plus attrayante pour un lecteur non spécialiste. Ainsi, la parole est donnée à des chercheurs de différentes disciplines et à des pêcheurs, qui témoignent de leurs connaissances théoriques et empiriques des poissons et de la pêche.

Biodiversité --- Biodiversity --- Poisson d'eau douce --- Freshwater fishes --- Pêche artisanale --- Artisanal fisheries --- Pisciculture --- Fish culture --- Arts --- Patrimoine culturel --- Cultural heritage --- Eaux continentales --- Inland waters --- Afrique --- Africa --- Fish culture. --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Animal Sciences --- pêche --- pisciculture --- faunistique --- évolution --- poisson d'eau douce --- inventaire faunistique --- éthologie --- taxonomie --- société traditionnelle --- représentations

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The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles.  Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context.   This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate).  Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.

Meteorology. Climatology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Hydrobiology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Hunting. Fishery. Aquaculture --- Geography --- warmtewisselaars --- methaan --- milieuchemie --- aquacultuur --- water --- wetenschappen --- geografie --- klimaat --- Physical geography. --- Environmental chemistry. --- Climatology. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Earth System Sciences. --- Environmental Chemistry. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Climate --- Climate science --- Climate sciences --- Science of climate --- Atmospheric science --- Chemistry, Environmental --- Chemistry --- Ecology

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This open access book summarizes peer-reviewed articles and the abstracts of oral and poster presentations given during the YOUMARES 9 conference which took place in Oldenburg, Germany, in September 2018. The aims of this book are to summarize state-of-the-art knowledge in marine sciences and to inspire scientists of all career stages in the development of further research. These conferences are organized by and for young marine researchers. Qualified early-career researchers, who moderated topical sessions during the conference, contributed literature reviews on specific topics within their research field. .

Biodiversity. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Aquatic ecology . --- Ecosystems. --- Wildlife. --- Fish. --- Science education. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management. --- Science Education. --- Science education --- Scientific education --- Fish --- Pisces --- Aquatic animals --- Vertebrates --- Fisheries --- Fishing --- Ichthyology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Aquatic biology --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Biodiversity --- Marine sciences --- Science --- Study and teaching --- Life sciences --- Aquatic ecology  --- Wildlife

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This open access book surveys the frontier of scientific river research and provides examples to guide management towards a sustainable future of riverine ecosystems. Principal structures and functions of the biogeosphere of rivers are explained; key threats are identified, and effective solutions for restoration and mitigation are provided. Rivers are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world. They increasingly suffer from pollution, water abstraction, river channelization and damming. Fundamental knowledge of ecosystem structure and function is necessary to understand how human activities interfere with natural processes and which interventions are feasible to rectify this. Modern water legislation strives for sustainable water resource management and protection of important habitats and species. However, decision makers would benefit from more profound understanding of ecosystem degradation processes and of innovative methodologies and tools for efficient mitigation and restoration. The book provides best-practice examples of sustainable river management from on-site studies, European-wide analyses and case studies from other parts of the world. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of aquatic ecology, river system functioning, conservation and restoration, to postgraduate students, to institutions involved in water management, and to water related industries.

Life sciences. --- Ecosystems. --- Aquatic ecology. --- Conservation biology. --- Ecology. --- Nature conservation. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Life Sciences. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Conservation Biology/Ecology. --- Nature Conservation. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology --- Nature conservation --- Aquatic biology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Conservation --- Aquatic biology. --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Marine Sciences. --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic ecology . --- Ecology . --- Ecosystem Services --- Freshwater Science --- River Restoration --- Sustainable River Management --- Aquatic Ecology --- Environmental Management --- Water Pollution