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Why do rich countries flirt with fiscal disaster? Between the 1970s and the 2000s, during times of peace and prosperity, affluent countries-like Belgium, Greece, Italy, and Japan-accumulated so much debt that they became vulnerable and exposed themselves to the risk of default. In the past three decades, an extensive scholarly consensus emerged that these problems were created by fiscal indiscipline, the lack of sufficient concern for budgetary constraints from policy makers as they try to please voters. This approach formed the foundation for the fiscal surveillance system that attempted to bring borrowing in European countries under control via a set of fiscal rules. In the Red demonstrates that the problem of sustained, large-scale debt accumulation is an adjustment issue rather than a governance failure. Irrespective of whether the original impetus for borrowing arose from exogenous changes or irresponsible decision making, policy makers invariably initiate spending cuts and/or tax increases when debt grows at an alarming rate for several years in a row. Zsófia Barta argues that explaining why some countries accumulate substantial amounts of debt for decades hinges on understanding the conditions required to allow policy makers to successfully put into place painful adjustment measures.
Debts, Public --- Developed countries --- Developed countries. --- Foreign economic relations. --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Debt --- Bonds --- Deficit financing --- Advanced countries --- Advanced nations --- Developed nations --- Economically advanced countries --- Economically advanced nations --- First World --- Industrial countries --- Industrial nations --- Industrial societies --- Industrialized countries --- Industrialized nations --- Western countries --- Political Science --- Belgium --- Fiscal policy --- Greece --- Gross domestic product --- Ireland --- Italy --- Japan --- Social security
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Les migrations internationales constituent un véritable défi pour le monde contemporain. Bien que le constat ne soit pas nouveau, la croissance des flux dans le contexte actuel géopolitique, économique et environnemental appelle de nouveaux regards. Face à la diversification des destinations, des foyers de départ ou encore des profils des migrants, l’ouvrage privilégie la parole de « l’acteur migrant » et accorde une large place à ses stratégies et ses trajectoires. Sans sous-estimer les déterminants macro-économiques ou géopolitiques, les auteurs éclairent les initiatives des populations en migration et révèlent l’épaisseur sociale de leurs expériences. Ils mettent l’accent sur les logiques des organisations collectives et des réseaux sociaux, sur le rôle des migrants dans le développement ou encore sur les dynamiques culturelles associées au fait migratoire. Selon une perspective pluridisciplinaire, et à partir d’exemples africains, sud-américains ou asiatiques, l’ouvrage met en valeur la construction de nouveaux territoires de mobilité et montre la diversité des trajectoires migratoires depuis les pays du Sud vers ceux du Nord mais aussi, et de plus en plus, entre pays du Sud.
Emigration and immigration --- Emigration et immigration --- Government policy --- Politique gouvernementale --- Developing countries --- Developed countries --- Emigration and immigration. --- Advanced countries --- Advanced nations --- Developed nations --- Economically advanced countries --- Economically advanced nations --- First World --- Industrial countries --- Industrial nations --- Industrial societies --- Industrialized countries --- Industrialized nations --- Western countries --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs (Newly industrialized countries) --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries --- flux migratoire --- agriculture --- travailleur migrant --- développement --- frontière --- urbanisation --- diaspora --- migration internationale --- territoire
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"This book investigates how women have been cast with regard to climate change science and policy-making, such as roles as victims, drivers of change, laborers, and saviors"--
Women and the environment --- Climatic changes --- Women and the environment. --- Social aspects --- Social aspects. --- Developed countries. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / Environmental Policy --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Gender Studies --- SCIENCE / Global Warming & Climate Change --- Environment and women --- Human ecology --- Ecofeminism --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Global environmental change --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental aspects --- Advanced countries --- Advanced nations --- Developed nations --- Economically advanced countries --- Economically advanced nations --- First World --- Industrial countries --- Industrial nations --- Industrial societies --- Industrialized countries --- Industrialized nations --- Western countries
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"International taxation rules allow Apple, Starbucks, and Nike to avoid billions of dollars of taxes. News stories have focused on tax dodging in developed countries, but developing countries lose at least $200 billion per year in tax revenue. In the Global South, an international tax regime designed by the states of multi-national corporations limits the local ability to raise sorely needed tax revenue from foreign investors. How did developing countries give up their right to tax foreign companies? Martin Hearson charts their assimilation into an OECD-led regime from independence through to the present day."--
Double taxation --- Globalization --- International business enterprises --- Investments, Foreign --- Taxation --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Corporate Governance. --- Treaties. --- Economic aspects. --- Law and legislation --- developing countries and global governance, multinational companies and tax, international tax treaties, direct investment by foreign entities, double taxation treaties. --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Business enterprises, International --- Corporations, International --- Global corporations --- International corporations --- MNEs (International business enterprises) --- Multinational corporations --- Multinational enterprises --- Transnational corporations --- Business enterprises --- Corporations --- Joint ventures --- International taxation (Double taxation) --- Taxation, Double --- Conflict of laws --- Investments, Foreign. --- International economic relations. --- Double taxation. --- Law and legislation. --- Taxation. --- Developing countries. --- Developed countries. --- Developed countries --- Developing countries --- Foreign economic relations --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Tax laws --- Tax legislation --- Tax regulations --- Law --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs (Newly industrialized countries) --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries --- Advanced countries --- Advanced nations --- Developed nations --- Economically advanced countries --- Economically advanced nations --- First World --- Industrial countries --- Industrial nations --- Industrial societies --- Industrialized countries --- Industrialized nations --- Western countries
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