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This book contains the articles collected for the Special Issue entitled "Micro-nano Surface Functionalization of Materials and Thin Films for Optical Applications" in the journal Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). These selected articles provide a meaningful overview of recent advances and concepts beyond the state-of-the-art regarding surface functionalization of materials and deposition of thin films to be used in optical applications. The aim was to cover all relevant aspects of the topic (simulation, design, fabrication, characterization and applications) with a special emphasis on non-conventional methods for surface modification of materials, combinations of mature fabrication routes with emerging technologies (i.e., additive manufacturing) and large-area fabrication concepts to pave the way to an industrial utilization of the developed materials. This overview comprises the recent work of reputed scientists from Germany, Austria, Spain and India on: - New developments on the scale-up deposition of transparent conductive materials by magnetron sputtering,- Design of hierarchical surface structures at different scale lengths for nanoimprinting of optical nano- and micro-structures, - Non-conventional preparation of rutile-type TiO2 films at room temperature for optical applications on heat-sensitive substrates, - Design of spectrally selective solar absorber coatings based on computational simulation and ellipsometry measurements.
reactive magnetron sputtering --- transparent conductive oxide --- electronic transport --- doping efficiency --- tin dioxide --- Nanoimprint lithography --- UV-NIL --- reversal NIL --- liquid transfer imprint lithography --- hierarchical structures --- optical micro- and nanostructures --- ITO thin films --- magnetron sputtering --- low temperature deposition --- oxygen flow --- microstructure --- optoelectronic properties --- transparent heaters --- titanium oxide films --- filtered cathodic vacuum arc --- rutile --- optical coatings --- spectrally selective absorber --- multilayer stack --- spectroscopic ellipsometry --- optical constants --- simulation
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Microelectrode arrays are increasingly used in a wide variety of situations in the medical device sector. For example, one major challenge in microfluidic devices is the manipulation of fluids and droplets effectively at such scales. Due to the laminar flow regime (i.e., low Reynolds number) in microfluidic devices, the mixing of species is also difficult, and unless an active mixing strategy is employed, passive diffusion is the only mechanism that causes the fluid to mix. For many applications, diffusion is considered too slow, and thus many active pumping and mixing strategies have been employed using electrokinetic methods, which utilize a variety of simple and complex microelectrode array structures. Microelectrodes have also been implemented in in vitro intracellular delivery platforms to conduct cell electroporation on chip, where a highly localized electric field on the scale of a single cell is generated to enhance the uptake of extracellular material. In addition, microelectrode arrays are utilized in different microfluidic biosensing modalities, where a higher sensitivity, selectivity, and limit-of-detection are desired. Carbon nanotube microelectrode arrays are used for DNA detection, multi-electrode array chips are used for drug discovery, and there has been an explosion of research into brain–machine interfaces, fueled by microfabricated electrode arrays, both planar and three-dimensional. The advantages associated with microelectrode arrays include small size, the ability to manufacture repeatedly and reliably tens to thousands of micro-electrodes on both rigid and flexible substrates, and their utility for both in vitro and in vivo applications. To realize their full potential, there is a need to develop and integrate microelectrode arrays to form useful medical device systems. As the field of microelectrode array research is wide, and touches many application areas, it is often difficult to locate a single source of relevant information. This Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles, that focus on the application of microelectrode arrays in the medical device sector. Particular interest will be paid to innovative application areas that can improve existing medical devices, such as for neuromodulation and real world lab-on-a-chip applications.
electrothermal --- microelectrode --- microfluidics --- micromixing --- micropump --- alternating current (AC) electrokinetics --- bisphenol A --- self-assembly --- biosensor --- flexible electrode --- polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) --- pyramid array micro-structures --- low contact impedance --- multimodal laser micromachining --- ablation characteristics --- shadow mask --- interdigitated electrodes --- soft sensors --- liquid metal --- fabrication --- principle --- arrays --- application --- induced-charge electrokinetic phenomenon --- ego-dielectrophoresis --- mobile electrode --- Janus microsphere --- continuous biomolecule collection --- electroconvection --- microelectrode array (MEA) --- ion beam assisted electron beam deposition (IBAD) --- indium tin oxide (ITO) --- titanium nitride (TiN) --- neurons --- transparent --- islets of Langerhans --- insulin secretion --- glucose stimulated insulin response --- electrochemical transduction --- intracortical microelectrode arrays --- shape memory polymer --- softening --- robust --- brain tissue oxygen --- in vivo monitoring --- multi-site clinical depth electrode --- n/a
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Despite its limitation in terms of surface covered area, the PLD technique still gathers interest among researchers by offering endless possibilities for tuning thin film composition and enhancing their properties of interest due to: (i) the easiness of a stoichiometric transfer even for very complex target materials, (ii) high adherence of the deposited structures to the substrate, (iii) controlled degree of phase, crystallinity, and thickness of deposited coatings, (iv) versatility of the experimental set-up which allows for simultaneous ablation of multiple targets resulting in combinatorial maps or consecutive ablation of multiple targets producing multi-layered structures, and (v) adjustment of the number of laser pulses, resulting in either a spread of nanoparticles, islands of materials or a complete covering of a surface. Moreover, a variation of PLD, known as Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation, allows for deposition of organic materials, ranging from polymers to proteins and even living cells, otherwise difficult to transfer unaltered in the form of thin films by other techniques. Furthermore, the use of laser light as transfer agent ensures purity of films and pulse-to-pulse deposition allows for an unprecedented control of film thickness at the nm level. This Special Issue is a collection of state-of-the art research papers and reviews in which the topics of interest are devoted to thin film synthesis by PLD and MAPLE, for numerous research and industry field applications, such as bio-active coatings for medical implants and hard, protective coatings for cutting and drilling tools withstanding high friction and elevated temperatures, sensors, solar cells, lithography, magnetic devices, energy-storage and conversion devices, controlled drug delivery and in situ microstructuring for boosting of surface properties.
thin films --- matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation --- shellac --- enteric coatings --- PLD --- ITO --- nanoimprint lithography --- coatings --- nanostructure --- iron oxide --- pulsed laser deposition --- aluminum nitride --- nanoindentation testing --- TEM imaging --- FTIR spectroscopy --- ellipsometry --- complex refractive index --- composite coatings --- MAPLE --- Lactoferrin --- macrophage interactions --- animal-origin calcium phosphate coatings --- natural hydroxyapatite --- doping --- high adherence --- pulsed laser deposition technique --- biomimetic applications --- target preparation --- room temperature ferromagnetism --- dilute magnetic semiconductor --- Indium oxide --- (InFe)2O3 --- PLD films --- energy storage --- thin-film electrodes --- thin-film solid electrolyte --- lithium microbatteries --- calcium phosphate-based coatings --- synthetic and natural hydroxyapatite --- in vivo testing --- biomedical applications --- n/a
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The Special Issue contains ten research papers, three of which review papers. It is a miscellaneous composition encompassing several applications where metal oxides play a key role. Some papers also give insights into novel synthesis methods and processes aiming to reduce negative environmental impacts and increase materials and process efficiency, thus also covering a broader concern of sustainability issues. The topics covered in this issues are: transparent conductive oxides, ceramic composites for tool applications, oxides nanoparticles for A-TIG welding, critical raw materials saving, metallurgical waste treatment, oxides for high temperature applications, nanostructured oxides and composites for gas sensing and desulfuration, and metal oxides sorbents for CO2 capture.
indium tin oxide (ITO) --- invar metal substrate --- curved perovskite solar cells --- flexibility --- reflectance --- electrode --- RHF --- deposition --- KCl --- ZnFe2O4 --- cohering mechanism --- oxide coating --- nanoparticles --- TIG welding --- penetration depth --- hard facing --- cobalt alloys --- wear --- nano-particle coating --- A-TIG welding --- particle size --- metal flow --- alumina–zirconia composites --- TiC --- TiN --- spark plasma sintering --- wear resistance --- indentation fracture toughness --- X-ray diffraction --- WO3 --- ionic liquids --- gas sensor --- pollutant gases --- desulfurization --- In doped ZnO --- bibliometric analysis --- thin films --- metal oxides --- zirconia --- rare earth zirconates --- thermal barrier coatings --- microstructure characterization --- thermal shock resistance --- CO2 capture --- calcium looping --- nanometric CaZrO3 particles --- n/a --- alumina-zirconia composites
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This book focuses on nanomaterials and strategies to fabricate the electrode for electrochemistry-based sensors. Excellent nanomaterials are essential for high-performance electrochemical sensors, while strategies for controllable assembly of nanomaterials on the electrode and the fabrication of sensing devices can be also important. This book covers the preparation of nanomaterials (magnesium phyllosilicate, metal–organic frameworks (MOF), and covalent–organic frameworks (COF), the fabrication of electrodes with unique several attracting properties (e.g., transparency) using carbon nanomaterials or novel nanotechnologies, and applications of electrochemical sensors.
Research & information: general --- Physics --- electrochemical biosensors --- self-assembly --- nanomaterials --- hybridization --- peptide --- streptavidin --- micro electrochemical sensor --- multi-analyte detection --- graphene oxide (GO) --- biofouling --- oxo functionalities --- copper cobalt sulfide --- porous structures --- nonenzymatic glucose sensing --- electrocatalysts --- analytical methods --- biosensors --- carbon materials --- electrochemical sensing --- H2O2 --- nanomaterial --- pH --- graphene --- graphene oxide --- defect --- surface functionalization --- SWCNT --- layer-by-layer --- transparent electrode --- DFTB --- DFT --- binding energies --- nanoprobe --- pathogen heat-treatment --- adenosine triphosphate luminescence --- graphene transparent electrode --- stretchable electrodes --- PDMS --- Ag --- contact point --- tunneling effect --- sol–gel processing --- talc-like clay --- amino-functionalized clay --- glassy carbon electrode --- Pb(II) detection --- water bioremediation --- covalent organic frameworks --- electrochemical sensor --- hydrazine --- nitrophenol --- nitrogen doped carbon --- reduced glutathione --- disposable immunosensor --- electrochemical detection --- nanochannel array --- patterned ITO electrode --- prostate-specific antigen --- n/a --- sol-gel processing
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The aim of this book is to highlight some recent advances in microwave planar devices. The development of planar technologies still generates great interest because of their many applications in fields as diverse as wireless communications, medical instrumentation, remote sensing, etc. In this book, particular interest has been focused on an electronically controllable phase shifter, wireless sensing, a multiband textile antenna, a MIMO antenna in microstrip technology, a miniaturized spoof plasmonic antipodal Vivaldi antenna, a dual-band balanced bandpass filter, glide-symmetric structures, a transparent multiband antenna for vehicle communications, a multilayer bandpass filter with high selectivity, microwave planar cutoff probes, and a wideband transition from microstrip to ridge empty substrate integrated waveguide.
microwave tunable phase shifters --- 3 dB/90° coupler --- K band --- HD --- MSP --- RF --- SVM --- wireless sensing technology --- antenna design --- constrained optimization problems --- coral reefs optimization algorithm --- meta-heuristics --- antenna --- MIMO --- octagonal --- planar --- UWB --- vivaldi antenna --- miniaturized --- high gain --- surface plasmons --- ultrawideband --- microwave sensor --- differential sensor --- dielectric characterization --- microfluidics --- electrically small resonators --- biosensors --- dual-band differential filter --- common-mode suppression --- magnetic coupling --- multilayer structure --- glide symmetry --- higher symmetries --- Maxwell fish-eye lens --- metasurface --- periodic structures --- printed circuit board --- coplanar waveguides --- vehicular networks --- IEEE 802.11p --- indium-tin oxide (ITO) --- transparent antenna --- bandpass filter --- discriminating coupling --- high selectivity --- source-load coupling --- plasma diagnostics --- electron density measurement --- planar microwave cutoff probe --- bar-type cutoff probe --- ring-type cutoff probe --- computational characterization --- substrate integrated waveguide --- ridge waveguide --- tapering structure --- broadband --- microwave devices --- n/a
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During the last decade, novel graphene related materials (GRMs), perovskites, as well as metal oxides and other metal nanostructures have received the interest of the scientific community. Due to their extraordinary physical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties, which are correlated with their 2D ultrathin atomic layer structure, large interlayer distance, ease of functionalization, and bandgap tunability, these nanomaterials have been applied in the development or the improvement of innovative optoelectronic applications, as well as the expansion of theoretical studies and simulations in the fast-growing fields of energy (photovoltaics, energy storage, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, catalysis, etc.), electronics, photonics, spintronics, and sensing devices. The continuous nanostructure-based applications development has provided the ability to significantly improve existing products and to explore the design of materials and devices with novel functionalities. This book demonstrates some of the most recent trends and advances in the interdisciplinary field of optoelectronics. Most articles focus on light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells (SCs), including organic, inorganic, and hybrid configurations, whereas the rest address photodetectors, transistors, and other well-known dynamic optoelectronic devices. In this context, this exceptional collection of articles is directed at a broad scientific audience of chemists, materials scientists, physicists, and engineers, with the goals of highlighting the potential of innovative optoelectronic applications incorporating nanostructures and inspiring their realization.
graphene oxide --- textured silicon solar cells --- n/a --- high-efficiency --- CdTe microdots --- piezo-phototronic effect --- electromagnetically induced transparency effect --- waveguide photons --- light output power --- hole injection --- ternary organic solar cells --- UV LEDs --- cathodoluminescence --- V-pits --- quantum confinement effect --- nano-grating --- metamaterials --- Ga2O3 --- tunneling --- transmittance --- graphene ink --- perovskite solar cells --- counter electrode --- nucleation layer --- Ag film --- AlGaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diode --- color-conversion efficiency --- PeLEDs --- photoelectric performance --- photocurrent --- charge transfer --- double-layer ITO --- green LED --- liquid crystals --- photovoltaics --- electrowetting --- oxidation --- Fowler–Nordheim --- field emission --- excitation wavelength --- functionalization --- quantum dots --- gold split-ring --- cascade effect --- erbium --- transparent conductive electrode --- compact --- plasmon resonance --- air-processed --- FDTD --- prism-structured sidewall --- sheet resistance --- GaN --- Ti porous film --- stability --- flip-chip mini-LED --- flexible substrate --- actively tunable nanodevices --- green LEDs --- metasurfaces --- antireflective coating (ARC) --- NiCo2S4 nanotubes --- InN/p-GaN heterojunction --- InGaN/GaN superlattice --- OAB --- graded indium composition --- plasmonics --- polymer composites --- photomultiplication --- cold cathode --- solvent --- solar cells --- controllable synthesis --- tunable absorbers --- interface --- graphene --- silicon transistor --- colorimetry --- light extraction --- reduced graphene oxide --- pinhole pattern --- indium nanoparticles (In NPs) --- graphene split-ring --- organic solar cell --- light-emitting diode --- organic --- plasmonic forward scattering --- smooth --- subwavelength metal grating --- perovskite --- photoluminescence --- mid infrared --- polarization analyzer --- transparent electrode --- external quantum efficiency --- LED --- light-emitting diodes --- photodetector --- p-type InGaN --- quantum efficiency --- 2D perovskite --- quantum dot --- orthogonal polarization --- current spreading --- localized surface plasmon --- Schottky barrier --- Fowler-Nordheim
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Electrochemical surface science (EC-SS) is the natural advancement of traditional surface science (where gas–vacuum/solid interfaces are studied) to liquid (solution)/electrified solid interfaces. Such a merging between two different disciplines—i.e., surface science (SS) and electrochemistry—officially advanced ca. three decades ago. The main characteristic of EC-SS versus electrochemistry is the reductionist approach undertaken, inherited from SS and aiming to understand the microscopic processes occurring at electrodes on the atomic level. A few of the exemplary keystone tools of EC-SS include EC-scanning probe microscopies, operando and in situ spectroscopies and electron microscopies, and differential EC mass spectrometry (DEMS). EC-SS indirectly (and often unconsciously) receives a great boost from the requirement for rational design of energy conversion and storage devices for the next generation of energetic landscapes. As a matter of fact, the number of material science groups deeply involved in such a challenging field has tremendously expanded and, within such a panorama, EC and SS investigations are intimately combined in a huge number of papers. The aim of this Special Issue is to offer an open access forum where researchers in the field of electrochemistry, surface science, and materials science could outline the great advances that can be reached by exploiting EC-SS approaches. Papers addressing both the basic science and more applied issues in the field of EC-SS and energy conversion and storage materials have been published in this Special Issue.
Pd thin films --- n/a --- Auger-Electron Spectroscopy --- benchmarking --- potential-dependent structures --- CO electro-oxidation --- surface reconstruction --- photo-electrochemistry --- nitrogen doping --- potential stepping --- DFT --- nanoparticles --- carbon nanofiber --- Pd --- gas diffusion electrode --- flexible ITO --- UPS --- palladium --- Lead OPD --- formic acid oxidation --- cobalt oxide --- adsorbed OH --- electrochemistry --- Pt --- mesopore --- DMFC --- pH and concentration effects --- solvothermal method --- direct methanol fuel cells --- EF-PEEM --- PVDF --- self-assembly --- PEMFC --- hard X rays --- photochemistry --- EQCM --- potential cycling --- surface alloy --- near ambient pressure XPS --- cobalt-based electrocatalyst --- silver single crystals --- Cu(111) --- electrodeposited alloys --- Pt single-crystal electrodes --- SOFC --- TiO2 --- oxygen evolution reaction --- silicon nanoparticles --- pump & --- graphitization --- in situ EC-STM --- oxygen reduction --- gold --- diazonium salts --- Au --- micropore --- solid/liquid interface --- XPS --- XAFS --- surface chemistry --- electrosynthesis --- porous fiber --- surface science --- click chemistry --- adhesion --- in situ --- methanol oxidation reaction --- hydroxyl radical --- mass transport --- free electron laser --- cyclic voltammetry --- redox properties --- electro-oxidation --- X-ray absorption spectroscopy --- hydrogen adsorption --- electrodeposition --- electrocatalysis --- Ordered mesoporous carbon --- Corrosion Protection --- electrochemical interface --- cyclic voltammetry (CV) --- FEXRAV --- photoelectron simulations --- Pt–Ru catalysts --- d-band theory --- bimetallic alloy --- photoconversion --- ordered mesoporous carbons --- carbon nanofibers (CNFs) --- platinum --- water splitting --- Surface Modification --- EPR spectroscopy --- scanning photoelectron microscopy --- model catalyst --- energy dispersive --- porphyrins --- combined non-covalent control --- AES --- spin-coating --- SAMs --- water oxidation --- in-situ X-ray diffraction --- Au nanocrystals --- model systems --- platinum single crystals --- cathode --- redox monolayers --- surface nanostructures --- bifunctional oxygen electrode --- polymer --- photoelectrochemistry --- metal-electrolyte interface --- electrocatalysts --- APTES --- porogen --- electrophoretic deposition --- thin-films --- ammonia activation --- graphene --- ORR --- polypyrrole --- iridium --- surface area --- reduced graphene oxide --- Magnetite --- Platinum --- electrospinning --- catalysts --- Blackening of Steel --- switchable surfaces --- in situ ambient pressure XPS --- fuel cells --- methanol oxidation --- quick-XAS --- nickel --- CO oxidation --- solid oxide fuel cells --- operando --- probe --- CdS --- alkanthiols --- ECALE --- alkoxyamine surfaces --- underpotential deposition (upd) --- Pt-Ru catalysts
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