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The contents of the book cover a wide variety of topics related to the analysis of the dynamics of vortices and describe the results of experiments, computational modeling and their interpretation. The book contains 13 chapters reaching areas of physics in vortex dynamics and optical vortices including vortices in superfluid atomic gases, vortex laser beams, vortex-antivortex in ferromagnetic hybrids, and optical vortices illumination in chiral nanostructures. Also, discussions are presented on particle motion in vortex flows, on the simulation of vortex-dominated flows, on vortices in saturable media, on achromatic vortices, and on ultraviolet vortices. Fractal light vortices, coherent vortex beams, together with vortices in electric dipole radiation, and spin wave dynamics in magnetic vortices are examined as well.

Vortex-motion. --- Aerodynamics --- Eddies --- Fluid dynamics --- Hydrodynamics --- Rotational motion --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Hydrostatics --- Fluid Mechanics --- Physics

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This reprint highlights the current understanding of the soil hydrological processes in desert regions, as well as the plant responses to soil water. Likewise, this reprint will not present all the aspects, such as the challenges of soil hydrological process research and its opportunities in the desert regions. It only provides notable highlights to help understand the soil hydrological processes and their application in desertification control, particularly regarding the ecological engineering approach. In this context, we especially hope this reprint will enrich soil hydrology in the desert regions for advancing Critical Zone science in the Anthropocene.

Soil percolation. --- Hydrostatics --- Percolation --- Soil absorption and adsorption --- Soil moisture --- Soil physics --- Seepage --- Soil capillarity --- Soil permeability

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This open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume presents several research topics that address these phenomena encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST Action MP1305 “Flowing Matter”.

Hydraulic engineering. --- Chemical engineering. --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Amorphous substances. --- Complex fluids. --- Fluids. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Complex fluids --- Fluids --- Chemical engineering