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Superhydrophobic surfaces, with a water contact angle >150°, have attracted both academic and industrial interest due to their wide range of applications, such as water proofing, anti-fogging, antifouling, anti-icing, fluidic drag reduction and anti-corrosion. Currently the majority of superhydrophobic coatings are created using organic chemicals with low surface energy. However, the lack of mechanical strength and heat resistance prevents the use of these coatings in harsh environments. Quality superhydrophobic coatings developed using inorganic materials are therefore highly sought after. Ceramics are of particular interest due to their high mechanical strength, heat and corrosion resistance. Such superhydrophobic coatings have recently been successfully fabricated using a variety of ceramics and different approaches, and have shown the improved wear and tribocorrosion resistance properties. This Special Issue focuses on the recent developments in the fabrication of superhydrophobic coatings and their robustness against corrosion and wear resistance, but the original work on other properties of superhydrophobic coatings are also welcome. In particular, the topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Robust superhydrophobic coatings; Coatings with super-wettability in multifunctional applications; Wetting effects on corrosion and tribology; Hierarchical Coating for wetting and modelling.
n/a --- self-cleaning --- ferrofluid drop --- surface topography --- oil-water separation --- wear resistance --- super-hydrophobic coating --- parabolic morphology --- nanocomposite --- electrochemical surface engineering --- Al2O3-coated particles --- dynamic characteristics --- superhydrophobic --- stability --- suspension --- water-lubricated bearing --- chemical stability --- corrosion protection --- low friction --- friction and wear behaviour --- lubrication performance --- electrochemical deposition --- carbon steel --- TiO2 --- magnetic field --- superhydrophobic surface --- empirical formula of friction coefficient --- rough morphology --- electroless composite coating --- HVOF --- water-repellent surfaces --- corrosion resistance --- mechanical durability --- aluminum alloy --- Ni–Co --- WS2 --- thermal spray --- surfactant --- Co–Ni coating --- damped harmonic oscillation --- anodization --- etching --- MoS2 particles --- chemical etching --- truncated cone morphology --- superhydrophobic materials --- hydrophobicity --- super-hydrophobic surface --- micro-arc oxidation --- electrodeposition
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Implantable microdevices, providing accurate measurement of target analytes in animals and humans, have always been important in biological science, medical diagnostics, clinical therapy, and personal healthcare. Recently, there have been increasing unmet needs for developing high-performance implants that are small, minimally-invasive, biocompatible, long-term stable, and cost-effective. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to bring together state-of-the-art research and development contributions that address key challenges and topics related to implantable microdevices. Applications of primary interest include, but are not limited to, miniaturized optical sensing and imaging tools, implantable sensors for detecting biochemical species and/or metabolites, transducers for measuring biophysical quantities (e.g., pressure and/or strain), and neural prosthetic devices.
round window stimulation --- n/a --- reactive loading --- retinal implant --- circular polarization --- mandibular advancement splint --- MedRadio --- Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio) band --- patch antenna --- wireless charging --- drag reduce --- piezoelectric transducer --- high-density --- specific absorption rate (SAR) --- micro/nano electrode --- electrocardiogram (ECG) --- microelectrode array --- magnetic shielding --- conductive polymer --- flextensional amplifier --- biotelemetry --- lotus-like structure --- middle ear implant --- obstructive sleep apnea --- implantable BCI --- implantable packaging --- coating --- electrochemistry --- modified electrode --- slow wave effect --- shark skin --- finite element analysis --- implantable antenna --- biomedical microrobot --- magnetic devices --- hydrophobicity --- pressure sensing array --- implantable device --- wireless power transfer --- hearing loss --- system-on-chip --- antifouling
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Biomaterials is currently one of the most important fields of study. This is because of the high degree of interdisciplinarity and the many practical solutions it provides in relation to medicine, biology, chemistry, and physics. This Special Issue provides readers with research from the domain of composite biomaterials in different applications, from controlled drug release systems to tissue engineering.
PMMA --- zirconia (ZrO2) --- nanocomposite --- denture base --- flexural strength --- impact strength --- fracture toughness --- hardness --- graphene oxide --- silicone rubber --- composite materials --- antifouling --- harmonic motion --- corn straw --- pretreatment --- dyeing --- chemical structure --- tensile properties --- UV barrier --- water-resistance --- polylactic acid --- hydroxyapatite --- composite films --- industrial bamboo residue --- holocellulose aerogel --- hydrophobicity --- fire resistance --- thermal insulation material --- nucleating agent --- isotactic polypropylene --- transcrystallinity --- natural fibres --- Tencel™ --- membrane --- cellulose --- water purification --- tissue engineering --- magnetic nanoparticles --- composite --- DDS --- hyperthermia --- collagen --- scaffolds --- membranes --- hydrogels --- whey protein fibrils --- carbon nanotubes --- carbon nano-onions --- composites --- interaction --- n/a
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This book is made up of contributions dealing with heritage stones from different countries around the world. The stones are described, as well as their use in vernacular and contemporaneous architecture. Heritage stones are those stones that have special significance in human culture. Examples include some very important stones that have been either neglected because they are no longer extracted, or stones that have great significance in commercial terms but knowledge of their national and/or international heritage has not been well documented. In this collection of articles, we have tried to spread awareness of architectural heritage around the world, the natural stones that have been used in its construction, and the need to preserve historical quarries that once provided the source of such stones. Historical quarries are linked to regional culture and tradition. Because of the specific technical and aesthetical characteristics of heritage stones, which have lasted for centuries, these historical quarries should be preserved to be able to use the stones for the proper restoration of monuments and historical buildings to avoid negative actions that can be observed in many places in the restoration of buildings, which are some times part of World Heritage sites. The final intention of this book is to continuosly grow the interest on this fascinating subject of heritage stones.
Cheomseongdae --- building stones --- petrographic analysis --- the bay of Kotor --- quarry characterisation --- architectural heritage --- cultural heritage conservation --- ultrafast pulse laser --- archaeometry --- Sopo?ani --- marble deposits --- Guadeloupe --- architectural conservation --- multiscale roughness --- rocks characterization --- cultural stone --- restoration --- pyroclastic rock --- Duomo di Milano --- dolostone --- geological heritage --- historical and Archaeological sites --- modern principles of double-layered ventilated roofs --- heritage --- Bargiolina --- dynamic centrifuge test --- sustainability --- cultural heritage --- geoheritage --- market --- marble --- serpentinites --- Western Alps --- SEM-EDS --- Unesco World Heritage Site --- UNESCO World Heritage List --- Studenica --- kaolin --- Coimbra Formation --- eastern Caribbean --- dimension stone --- laser surface texturing --- 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake --- houses based on natural stone --- industrial minerals --- wettability properties --- fracturing pattern --- natural stone --- Gyeongju Historic Areas --- ancient seismic design technique --- Martinique --- quartzite --- site-specific ground response analysis --- stone architectural heritage --- French West Indies --- Sardinia --- quarrying --- quarries --- stone architecture heritage --- Candoglia marble --- UNESCO cultural heritage --- site characterisation --- hydrophobicity --- Chianocco marble --- conservation requirements --- management --- heritage stone --- isotopic analysis
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Wood composites have shown very good performance, and substantial service lives when correctly specified for the exposure risks present. Selection of an appropriate product for the job should be accompanied by decisions about the appropriate protection, whether this is by design, by preservative treatment or by wood modification techniques. This Special Issue, Advances in Wood Composites presents recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart nanomaterials, which have made them a particular area of interest for researchers. In addition, it reviews some important aspects in the field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications, and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetrically by the structure of wood and wood composites. This Special Issue, with a collection of 13 original contributions, provides selected examples of recent Advances in Wood Composites
shear strength --- n/a --- buckling --- thermal property --- acetic anhydride --- WPC --- silicon carbide --- coating amount --- composite --- polymer-triticale boards --- wood --- activation volume --- oriented strand lumber (OSL) --- bending strength --- nanowollastonite --- VOCs --- wood-inorganic composites --- thermal modification --- wood plastic composite --- crystallinity --- sol-gel process --- wood adhesive --- straw --- mechanical properties --- bamboo --- plastic --- carbothermal reduction --- formaldehyde emissions --- cellulose --- graphene nano-platelets --- creep behavior --- surface properties --- dimensional stability --- nanocompounds --- UF resin --- tunnel-structured --- ceramic --- color --- water absorption --- high-density polyethylene film --- mechanical property --- aquacultural --- HDPE --- biorefinery lignin --- methyl methacrylate --- structural analysis --- sol–gel process --- polyurethane-acrylate --- mechanical and physical properties --- water-based UV curing coating --- oak (Quercus alba L.) --- dynamic thermodynamic --- stepped isostress method --- thermoplastic polymers --- sustainable adhesives --- finite element analysis --- rapid formaldehyde release --- adhesive penetration --- modulus of elasticity in bending --- Southwell’s method --- hydrophobicity --- Abaqus --- sepiolite --- chemical structure --- alder plywood --- wood panels --- particleboard properties --- chemical modification --- thickness swelling --- Southwell's method
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Five years of Separations are celebrated by a collection of ten feature articles: one review and nine research articles on topics of current interest. Applications of Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Biological Matrices are presented focusing on novel extraction techniques and novel materials used for sample preparation due to the great demand for method development for the determination of TCAs in biofluids, especially for therapeutic drug monitoring. Original research articles include the following: 1. Insights into the Mechanism of Separation of Bisphosphonates by Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography: Application to the Quantitation of Risedronate in Pharmaceuticals. 2. A method based on micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion (μ-MSPD) followed by gas-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS), developed to analyze UV filters in personal care products. 3. The performance of a vibratory shear-enhanced process (VSEP) combined with an appropriate membrane unit for the treatment of simulated or industrial tannery wastewaters. 4. A method for the analysis of thyroid hormones by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry that was used for the dissolution testing of single- and dual-component thyroid hormone supplements via a two-stage biorelevant dissolution procedure. 5. A method involving the collection and determination of organic and inorganic gunshot residues on hands using online in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) coupled to miniaturized capillary liquid chromatography with diode array detection (CapLC-DAD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersion X-ray (SEM-EDX), respectively, for quantifying both residues. 6. The gas chromatographic retention behavior of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs on a new ionic liquid stationary phase, 1,12-di(tripropylphosphonium) dodecane bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (SLB®-ILPAH) intended for the separation of PAH mixtures, which was compared with the elution pattern on more traditional stationary phases: a non-polar phenyl arylene (DB-5ms) and a semipolar 50% phenyl dimethyl siloxane (SLB PAHms) column. 7. The Multiple-Stage Precursor Ion Separation and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry toward Structural Characterization of 2,3-Diacyltrehalose Family from Mycobacterium tuberculosis 8. The use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for studying the hydrophobic character of modified Monomethyl Auristatin E derivatives, as Novel Candidates for the Design of Antibody–Drug Conjugates, which are promising state-of-the-art biopharmaceutical drugs for selective drug-delivery applications and the treatment of diseases such as cancer. 9. The use of recycled diatomaceous earth as the extraction phase in solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river water samples, with separation/detection performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
recycled diatomaceous earth --- solid phase microextraction --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- antibody-drug conjugate --- biopharmaceutical --- cytotoxicity --- hydrophobicity --- micellar electrokinetic chromatography --- tandem mass spectrometry --- linear ion trap --- glycolipid --- diacyltrehalose --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- bisphosphonates --- risedronate --- zoledronate --- tiludronate --- ZIC-HILIC --- PDA --- quantitation --- tablets --- ionic liquid stationary phase --- gas chromatography --- chromatographic selectivity --- alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alkylated PAHs) --- diphenylamine --- gunshot residues --- hands --- dry cotton swab --- in-tube solid-phase extraction --- capillary liquid chromatography --- SEM-EDX --- thyroid --- dissolution --- liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- membrane filtration-treatment --- membrane type-operation --- membrane fouling mechanism --- tannery industrial wastewater --- vibratory shear-enhanced process (VSEP) --- tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) --- sample treatment --- biological fluids --- UV filters --- matrix solid-phase dispersion --- μ-MSPD --- miniaturized extraction technique --- GC–MS/MS --- cosmetic analysis --- personal care products --- fragrance allergens --- preservatives --- plasticizers --- synthetic musks
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The analysis of polymer processing operations is a wide and complex subject; during polymer processing, viscoelastic fluids are forced to deform into desired geometries using non-homogeneous velocity and temperature fields down to solidification. The objective of analysis is the identification of processing conditions, which are finalized in the optimization of product final properties, which, in turn, are determined by the final part morphology. Depending on the operating conditions, the properties of the final part can change more than one order of magnitude. Properties of interest include the mechanical, optical, barrier, permeability, and biodegradability, and any other property of practical relevance including the characteristics of the surfaces as its finishing and wettability, which are connected to one another. The scope of this Special Issue is to select progress in or reviews of the understanding/description of the phenomena involved along the chain of processing–morphology–properties. Along this virtual chain, modeling may be a useful approach, and within the objective of understanding fundamental aspects, it may also be relevant to compare selected characteristics of the process and the material with the characteristics of the resulting morphology and then with the properties of the final part. This approach suggests the title: “Polymer Processing: Modeling and Correlations Finalized to Tailoring the Plastic Part Morphology and Properties”.
“skin-core-skin” structure --- flow-induced crystallization --- multiscale simulation --- crystal morphology --- additive manufacturing --- fused filament fabrication --- material extrusion --- 3D-printing --- highly-filled polymers --- metals and ceramics --- cellulose insulation pressboard --- magnetron sputtering --- polytetrafluoroethylene --- nano structure --- breakdown --- hydrophobicity --- replication --- microfeature --- nanofeature --- injection molding --- polylactic acid --- mold temperature --- epoxy --- natural fiber composites --- silk fibers --- extrusion --- four-screw extruder --- finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) --- Poincaré section --- chaotic manifold --- uniaxial/biaxial stretching --- retardation --- birefringence --- molecular orientation --- stress-optical rule --- polymeric stent --- residual stress --- warpage --- kriging surrogate model --- design optimization --- morphology --- cylindrites --- numerical simulation --- morphology prediction --- shear layer --- twin screw extruder --- simulation --- residence time distribution --- PP/TiO2 nanocomposites --- conversion --- laser-assisted thermal imprinting --- pressure --- pattern size --- thermoplastic polymer --- microlens array --- microinjection molding --- film stretching --- composite laminates
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This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.
nitrification inhibitors --- soil type --- CO2 and N2O emissions --- soil nitrogen dynamic --- winter malting barley --- malting quality indices --- summer cover crops --- sunn hemp --- crimson clover --- seeding rate --- nitrogen management --- aerobic incubation --- CO2 production --- microbial metabolism --- enzyme activities --- active biomass --- gross mineralization/immobilization --- Bradyrhizobium --- attachment --- root --- biofilm --- lectin --- soybean --- soil --- hydrophobicity --- Brassica napus --- natural variation --- nitrogen nutrition --- root system architecture --- nitrogen --- miscanthus --- willow --- field experiment --- lettuce --- plant-based amendment --- rhizosphere --- rainfall simulator --- nutrient runoff --- ammonium --- nitrate --- nitrogen use efficiency --- biochar --- total nitrogen --- soil organic carbon --- nitrogen mineralization --- nitrification --- turfgrass --- residential landscapes --- landscape patches --- urban soils --- perennial peanut --- urban landscapes --- N mineralization --- C/N ratio --- crop residue --- N availability --- NBPT --- nitrification inhibitor --- half-life --- degradation rate constant --- nitrogen leaching --- autumn tillage --- no-till --- lysimeter --- field experiment network --- soil nitrogen mineralization --- soil properties --- cropping system --- modeling --- STICS model --- n/a
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Protein import into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the first step in the biogenesis of approximately 10,000 different soluble and membrane proteins of human cells, which amounts to about 30% of the proteome. Most of these proteins fulfill their functions either in the membrane or lumen of the ER plus the nuclear envelope, in one of the organelles of the pathways for endo- and exocytosis (ERGIC, Golgi apparatus, endosome, lysosome, and trafficking vesicles), or at the cell surface as plasma membrane or secreted proteins. An increasing number of membrane proteins destined to lipid droplets, peroxisomes or mitochondria are first targeted to and inserted into the ER membrane prior to their integration into budding lipid droplets or peroxisomes or prior to their delivery to mitochondria via the ER-SURF pathway. ER protein import involves two stages, ER targeting, which guarantees membrane specificity, and the insertion of nascent membrane proteins into or translocation of soluble precursor polypeptides across the ER membrane. In most cases, both processes depend on amino-terminal signal peptides or transmembrane helices, which serve as signal peptide equivalents. However, the targeting reaction can also involve the ER targeting of specific mRNAs or ribosome–nascent chain complexes. Both processes may occur co- or post-translationally and are facilitated by various sophisticated machineries, which reside in the cytosol and the ER membrane, respectively. Except for resident ER and mitochondrial membrane proteins, the mature proteins are delivered to their functional locations by vesicular transport.
chaperones --- contact sites --- endoplasmic reticulum --- ER-SURF --- membrane extraction --- mitochondria --- protein targeting --- bimolecular luminescence complementation --- competition --- split luciferase --- membrane proteins --- protein–protein interactions --- Sec61 complex --- Sec63 --- synthetic peptide complementation --- TRAP complex --- ER protein translocase --- signal peptide --- protein translocation --- nascent peptide chain --- membrane insertion --- molecular modelling --- molecular dynamics simulations --- molecular docking --- signal peptidase --- ER translocon --- signal recognition particle dependent protein targeting --- Sec61 dependent translocation --- co-translational translocation --- inhibitor --- high throughput screening --- Sec61 --- Sec62 --- folding --- insertion --- membrane protein --- translocon --- ribosome --- transmembrane segment --- lipid droplets --- peroxisomes --- PEX3 --- membrane protein insertion --- label-free quantitative mass spectrometry --- differential protein abundance analysis --- Zellweger syndrome --- GET --- protein transport --- SND --- SRP --- EMC --- positive-inside rule --- hydrophobicity --- transmembrane helix --- signal recognition particle --- nascent polypeptide-associated complex --- fidelity --- cyclotriazadisulfonamide --- ER quality control --- DNAJC3 --- preprotein --- Sec61 translocon --- ribosome stalling --- signal sequence --- Sec61 translocase --- NAC --- n/a --- protein-protein interactions
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The interaction of bacteria with biomaterials’ surfaces has critical clinical implications on the development and progression of biofilm-related diseases. In this book "Bacterial Interactions with Dental and Medical Materials", encouraging findings on tissue-contacting biomaterials to control biofilms, enhanced understanding of key mechanisms, and clinical perspectives are discussed toward improving healthcare.
polymer --- dental --- antibacterial --- antifouling --- hydroxyapatite --- star-shaped --- hydrophobicity --- acrylic acid --- oral --- composition --- antimicrobial effect --- biofilms --- cytotoxicity --- dental resins --- physicochemical properties --- mechanical properties --- quaternary ammonium methacrylates --- dental materials --- dentistry --- adhesives --- light-curing of dental adhesives --- composite resins --- methylmethacrylate --- oxides --- cerium --- polymers --- dentine bonding agents --- anti-bacterial agents --- dental caries --- biocompatible materials --- quaternary ammonium compounds --- antimicrobial --- ceramic --- coating --- silicon carbide --- fluoride(s) --- biofilm(s) --- Streptococcus mutans --- bioreactor(s) --- enamel --- composite materials --- biomaterials --- nanostructured materials --- chronic wounds --- infection --- chick embryo CAM --- ex ovo --- bioactive desensitizer --- hypersensitivity --- SEM --- nanoparticle --- nanohydroxyapatite --- microshear bond strength --- phosphoric acid --- self-etch --- porous bioceramics --- wollastonite --- sol-gel technology --- spark plasma sintering–reactive synthesis --- bacterial test --- surface modification --- coatings --- implant --- biofilm --- silver --- copper --- polylysine --- dental composites --- protein repellent --- restorations --- zwitterionic polymers --- dental composite --- antibiofilm --- dental nanocomposite --- calcium fluoride nanoparticles --- remineralization --- oral biofilm --- electrospinning --- nano-hydroxyapatite --- toxicity --- bone regeneration --- white spot lesions --- orthodontic --- n/a --- spark plasma sintering-reactive synthesis
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