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The plant-derived polyphenol curcumin has been used in promoting health and combating disease for thousands of years. Its therapeutic effects have been successfully utilized in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine in order to treat inflammatory diseases. Current results from modern biomolecular research reveal the modulatory effects of curcumin on a variety of signal transduction pathways associated with inflammation and cancer. In this context, curcumin’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and even anti-metastatic activities are discussed. On the cellular level, the reduced activity of several transcription factors (such as NFkB or AP-1) and the suppression of inflammatory cytokines, matrix degrading enzymes, metastasis related genes and even microRNAs are reported. On functional levels, these molecular effects translate into reduced proliferative, invasive, and metastatic capacity, as well as induced tumor cell apoptosis. All these effects have been observed not only in vitro but also in animal models. In combination with anti-neoplastic drugs like Taxol, kinase inhibitors, and radiation therapy, curcumin potentiates the drugs’ therapeutic power and can protect against undesired side effects. Natural plant-derived compounds like curcumin have one significant advantage: They do not usually cause side effects. This feature qualifies curcumin for primary prevention in healthy persons with a predisposition to cancer, arteriosclerosis, or chronic inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, curcumin is considered safe, although potential toxic effects stemming from high dosages, long-term intake, and pharmacological interactions with other compounds have yet to be assessed. This Special Issue examines in detail and updates current research on the molecular targets, protective effects, and modes of action of natural plant-derived compounds and their roles in the prevention and treatment of human diseases.

minerals --- cancer treatment --- chitosan --- n/a --- neurodegeneration --- antioxidant activity --- senescence --- tumor proliferation --- nanoparticles --- antimicrobial agents --- oxidative metabolites --- drug discovery --- Akt/mTOR signaling --- micronutrients --- ulcerative colitis --- transmission electron microscopy --- metabolic reprogramming --- curcumin --- death receptor --- chaperone-mediated autophagy --- wound healing --- brain ischemia --- autophagy --- Alzheimer’s disease --- genes --- transthyretin --- inflammatory bowel disease --- cellular pathway --- centrifugal partition chromatography --- nutrition --- amyloid --- Curcuma longa --- protein aggregation --- supportive care --- IL-17 --- senolytics --- complementary medicine --- macronutrients --- structure activity relationship --- gastroprotection --- Zingiberaceae --- anti-inflamation --- TLC bioautography --- microbiota --- glioblastoma multiforme --- amyloidosis --- SHMT2 --- antioxidants --- silica --- apoptosis --- reflux esophagitis --- gastric ulcer --- TLC-MS --- anti-cancer --- anticancer --- ImageJ --- anti-tumor --- delivery system --- wound --- Helicobacter pylori --- direct protein binding --- protein misfolding --- tumor growth --- diet --- Crohn’s disease --- hydrostatic counter-current chromatography --- ageing --- renal cell cancer --- gastric cancer --- amino-acids --- STAT3 --- mechanism of action --- inflamm-aging --- mitophagy --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- cell cycling --- vitamins --- turmeric tuber --- cancer --- tau protein --- Alzheimer's disease --- Crohn's disease

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Over the last few years, the subject of food authenticity and food fraud has received increasing attention from consumers and other stakeholders, such as government agencies and policymakers, control labs, producers, industry, and the research community. Among the different approaches aiming to identify, tackle, and/or deter fraudulent practices in the agri-food sector, the development of new, fast, and accurate methodologies to evaluate food authenticity is of major importance. This book, entitled “Target and Non-Target Approaches for Food Authenticity and Traceability”, gathers original research and review papers focusing on the development and application of both targeted and non-targeted methodologies applied to verify food authenticity and traceability. The contributions regard different foods, among which some are frequently considered as the most prone to adulteration, such as olive oil, honey, meat, and fish. This book is intended for readers aiming to enrich their knowledge through reading contemporary and multidisciplinary papers on the topic of food authentication.

Technology: general issues --- COIBar–RFLP (cytochrome oxidase I barcode–restriction fragment length polymorphism) --- seafood --- fraud --- DNA barcoding --- food authenticity --- food adulteration --- food fraud --- donkey --- cytochrome b --- real-time PCR --- meat products --- honey --- regional origin --- chemometric analysis --- mineral content --- Montenegro --- Sepia --- common cuttlefish --- Sepia officinalis --- real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) --- species identification --- food authentication --- COI (Cytochrome Oxidase I) --- Olea europaea var Sylvestris --- oleaster --- olive --- olive oil --- adulteration --- SNP --- DNA --- virgin olive oil --- quality --- volatile compounds --- sensory analysis --- chemometrics --- anti food fraud --- Curcuma longa --- DNA markers --- SYBR-GREEN real-time PCR --- Zea mays --- pasta --- Triticum aestivum --- Triticum durum --- genetic traceability --- digital PCR --- semolina --- species --- truffle --- Tuber spp. --- species differentiation --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- red deer --- roe deer --- water deer --- multiplex PCR --- capillary electrophoresis --- perilla --- sesame --- geographic origin --- metabolomics --- multivariate analysis --- metabolite profiling --- quantification --- chicken --- guinea fowl --- pheasant --- quail --- turkey --- authentication --- authenticity --- chemometric --- fish --- origin --- meat --- milk --- spectroscopy --- 1H-NMR --- GC-MS --- HPLC-UV/VIS --- protein hydrolysate --- free amino acid contents --- ProHydrAdd --- monofloral honey --- direct analysis in real time (DART) --- high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) --- geographical origin --- Ginkgo biloba --- plant infusions --- real-time polymerase chain reaction --- DNA extraction --- opium poppy --- seed --- pollen grains --- bakery product --- oil --- PCR --- Salmo salar L. --- fatty acids --- mislabeling --- machine learning --- n/a --- COIBar-RFLP (cytochrome oxidase I barcode-restriction fragment length polymorphism)

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Medicinal plants are used to treat diseases and provide health benefits, and their applications are increasing around the world. A huge array of phytochemicals have been identified from medicinal plants, belonging to carotenoids, flavonoids, lignans, and phenolic acids, and so on, with a wide range of biological activities. In order to explore our knowledge of phytochemicals with the assistance of modern molecular tools and high-throughput technologies, this book collects recent innovative original research and review articles on subtopics of mechanistic insights into bioactivities, treatment of diseases, profiling, extraction and identification, and biotechnology.

network pharmacology --- traditional herbal medicine --- methodological trend --- polysaccharide fraction --- Trichoderma atroviride --- Salvia miltiorrhiza --- proteomics --- tanshinones --- Flos Chrysanthemi indici --- essential oil --- extraction method --- chemical composition --- biological activity --- Garcinia linii --- hypoglycemia --- benzopyran --- triterpene --- bioflavonoid --- phenolic --- in silico --- neurodegenerative diseases --- naringenin --- pharmacological targets --- signaling pathways --- molecular mechanisms --- drug delivery systems --- luteolin --- hyphenated techniques --- chromatography --- colorectal cancer --- diterpenes --- inflammatory bowel diseases --- Polyalthia longifolia --- herbal medicine --- DESs --- preparative-scale purification --- flavonoids --- 20-hydroxyecdysone --- Chenopodium quinoa --- Zinc oxide nanoparticles --- anticancer --- antileishmanial --- antimicrobial --- biocompatibility --- cancer --- apoptosis --- herbs --- cell lines --- in vivo --- quercetin --- polyphenols --- Alzheimer’s disease --- mechanistic insights --- clinical directions --- isodon genus --- ent-kaurane diterpenoids --- natural compounds --- pathways --- medicinal plants --- bioactive compounds --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- deleterious effects --- Asiatic acid --- nasopharyngeal cancer --- cisplatin resistance --- MAPK pathway --- Anthocyanin --- Solanum nigrum L. --- flavonoid biosynthesis --- AtPAP1 --- licochalcone D --- non-small cell lung cancer --- reactive oxygen species --- Acorus gramineusand --- Euodia ruticarpa --- pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines --- steam distillation essential oil --- Th1/Th2 cytokines --- lignans --- Trachelospermum asiaticum --- GNPS --- targeted isolation --- Rheum undulatum --- Glycyrriza uralensis --- hepatic encephalopathy --- MMP-9 --- neuroinflammation --- luteolin-7-O-glucoside --- oral cancer --- migration --- invasion --- MMP-2 --- Astragalus mongholicus --- ultraviolet-B radiation --- phenolics --- untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- Bacopa monnieri --- cheminformatics --- neurological diseases --- spinocerebellar ataxia --- system pharmacology --- (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) --- bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) --- catethin --- fracture healing --- local use --- cardiovascular diseases --- inflammation --- lipid metabolism --- non-coding RNA --- oxidative stress --- phenolic compounds --- Peucedanum ostruthium --- Apiaceae --- ELINA --- HetCA, STOCSY --- coumarines --- NF-ĸB --- VCAM-1 --- E-selectin --- Withaferin A --- matrix metalloproteinases --- antioxidant signaling --- Curcuma aromatica --- sesquiterpene --- anti-inflammatory --- luciferase assay --- cytotoxicity --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease