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Das vorliegende Werk entstand am Lehrstuhl für Verbrennungstechnik des Engler-Bunte-Instituts des Karlsruhe Institutes of Technology (KIT) im Rahmen der Forschungsinitiative "Kraftwerke des 21. Jahrhunderts".
Gas-turbines --- Combustion. --- Combustion
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The role that combustion plays in the world's energy systems will continue to evolve with the changes in technological demands. For example, the challenges that we face today are more focused on the conservation of energy and addressing environmental concerns, which together necessitate cleaner and more efficient combustion processes using a range of fuel sources. This book includes contributions to highlight the recent progress in theory and experiments, development, and demonstration of technologies and systems involving combustion processes, for the production, storage, use, and conservation of energy.
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Die vorliegende Dissertation umfasst experimentelle Untersuchungen zu den Ursachen der Partikelentstehung in Ottomotoren mit Saugrohreinspritzung sowie die Ableitung möglicher Maßnahmen zur Optimierung der Gemischbildung und somit zur Verringerung der Partikelemission. Grundlegende Untersuchungen zur Gemischbildung wurden an einer Verdunstungskammer in der Gestalt eines Einlasskanals durchgeführt. Die Verdunstungsneigung verschiedener Sprayauslegungen konnten so bewertet werden. Zur Analyse und Minimierung von Kraftstoffwandfilmen wurden Aufnahmen an einem geschleppten Transparentmotor mit Glaszylinder mit Hilfe von High-Speed-Kameras realisiert. Hierdurch konnten Wandfilme innerhalb des Brennraums visualisiert und anhand ihrer Fläche quantifiziert werden. Eine Vielzahl von innermotorischen Einflussparametern auf die Partikelemission wurde schließlich an einem mit Endoskopen sowohl im Brennraum als auch im Saugrohr optisch zugänglichen Vollmotor untersucht. Drei dominierende Quellen für die Partikelentstehung im Brennraum von Ottomotoren mit Saugrohreinspritzung konnten dabei identifiziert werden: Kraftstoffwandfilme an den Einlassventilen, Wandfilme an der Zylinderlaufbuchse sowie Inhomogenitäten in der Gasphase. Die innermotorischen Parameter Motorlast, Motortemperatur, Ventilsteuerzeiten, Einspritztiming, Ladungsbewegung, Injektorsprayauslegung und Kraftstoffdruck wurden hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf die Partikelentstehung sowie auf ihr Potential zur Reduktion der Partikelemission untersucht und bewertet.
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In view of the general trend that the development of the global energy industry is oriented toward green, low-carbon, and efficient utilization, scientific research teams in various fields dominated by the coal industry have conducted much research on coal and coal-like materials by borrowing the technologies and concepts of modern materials science and rock mass mechanics, hoping to explore new directions for the high value-added utilization of structural coal resources and the development of new coal-like materials. On behalf of Materials, we invited you to contribute an original research article to a Special Issue on the microstructure, characterization, and mechanical properties of coal and coal-like materials. This Special Issue aimed to showcase the latest scientific and technological achievements and cutting-edge test technologies in the study of coal and coal-like materials, with exploration of their structural change characteristics and mechanical properties under various influencing factors. Hot topics to be covered include: Analysis of mechanical properties of coal and coal-like materials;Multiscale characterization of coal and coal-like materials;Development and utilization of coal resources with high added value;Void structure and seepage characteristics of coal and coal-like materials;Establishment of constitutive relationships.
Coal --- Analysis. --- Combustion.
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Biomass. --- Biomass --- Combustion.
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The matters discussed and presented in the chapters of this book cover a wide spectrum of topics and research methods commonly used in the field of engine combustion technology and vehicle functional systems. This book contains the results of both computational analyses and experimental studies on jet and reciprocating combustion engines as well heavy-duty onroad vehicles. Special attention is devoted to research and measures toward preventing the emission of harmful exhaust components, reducing fuel consumption or using unconventional methods of engine fueling or using renewable and alternative fuels in different applications. Some technical improvements in design and control of vehicle systems are also presented.
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Drallströmungen sind faszinierend, weil darin so manches Phänomen auftritt, das sich mit einem konventionellen Verständnis für Fluiddynamik nicht erschließt. Wohingegen bei den meisten Strömungen Druckgradient und Geschwindigkeitsvektor nahezu gleich ausgerichtet sind, weist der Druckgradient bei Drallströmungen eine wesentliche radiale Komponente senkrecht zum Geschwindigkeitsvektor auf, was zu einer energetischen Schichtung der Strömung in radialer Richtung führt. Dies ermöglicht Strömungstransitionen wie das Wirbelaufplatzen, das häufig zur Stabilisierung der Verbrennung in Gasturbinen eingesetzt wird. In Verbrennungssystemen mit einer dem Wirbelaufplatzen unmittelbar vorangehenden Vormischzone kann sich auf Grund der durch die Verbrennung induzierten Dichte- und Druckgradienten das Wirbelaufplatzen und mit ihm die Flamme stromauf in die Vormischzone verlagern -- es kommt zum Flammenrückschlag. In dieser Arbeit wird experimentell untersucht, warum und wie dieser Flammenrückschlag bei verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen zustande kommt.
Combustion engineering. --- Combustion --- Testing. --- Thermochemistry --- Heat --- Smoke --- Heat engineering
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This Special Issue puts together recent findings in advanced technologies for the optimization of internal combustion engines in order to help the scientific community address the efforts towards the development of higher-power engines with lower fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.
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The author explores the origins of the eighteenth-century chemical revolution as it centers on Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier's earliest work on combustion. He shows that the main lines of Lavoisier's theory-including his theory of a heat-fluid, caloric-were elaborated well before his discovery of the role played by oxygen. Contrary to the opinion prevailing at that time, Lavoisier suspected, and demonstrated by experiment, that common air, or some portion of it, combines with substances when they are burned. Professor Guerlac examines critically the theories of other historians of science concerning these first experiments, and tries to unravel the influences which French, German, and British chemists may have had on Lavoisier. He has made use of newly discovered material on this phase of Lavoisier's career, and includes an appendix in which the essential documents are printed together for the first time. The author explores the origins of the eighteenth-century chemical revolution as it centers on Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier's earliest work on combustion. He shows that the main lines of Lavoisier's theory-including his theory of a heat-fluid, caloric-were elaborated well before his discovery of the role played by oxygen. Contrary to the opinion prevailing at that time, Lavoisier suspected, and demonstrated by experiment, that common air, or some portion of it, combines with substances when they are burned. Professor Guerlac examines critically the theories of other historians of science concerning these first experiments, and tries to unravel the influences which French, German, and British chemists may have had on Lavoisier. He has made use of newly discovered material on this phase of Lavoisier's career, and includes an appendix in which the essential documents are printed together for the first time.
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Fuel Injection is a key process characterizing the combustion development within Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) and in many other industrial applications. State of the art in the research and development of modern fuel injection systems are presented in this book. It consists of 12 chapters focused on both numerical and experimental techniques, allowing its proper design and optimization.
Internal combustion engines --- Fuel systems. --- Fuel pumps --- Automotive technology & trades
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