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The ability to measure emergency preparedness - to predict the likely performance of emergency response systems in future events - is critical for policy analysis in homeland security. Yet it remains difficult to know how prepared a response system is to deal with large-scale incidents, whether it be a natural disaster, terrorist attack, or industrial or transportation accident. This research draws on the fields of systems analysis and engineering to apply the concept of system reliability to the evaluation of emergency response systems. The authors describe a method for modeling an emergency response system; identifying how individual parts of the system might fail; and assessing the likelihood of each failure and the severity of its effects on the overall response effort. The authors walk the reader through two applications of this method: a simplified example in which responders must deliver medical treatment to a certain number of people in a specified time window, and a more complex scenario involving the release of chlorine gas. The authors also describe an exploratory analysis in which they parsed a set of after-action reports describing real-world incidents, to demonstrate how this method can be used to quantitatively analyze data on past response performance. The authors conclude with a discussion of how this method of measuring emergency response system reliability could inform policy discussion of emergency preparedness, how system reliability might be improved, and the costs of doing so. --From publisher description.
Assistance in emergencies -- United States. --- Emergency communication systems -- United States. --- Emergency management -- United States -- Evaluation. --- Incident command systems -- United States. --- Preparedness -- Evaluation. --- Emergency management --- Preparedness --- Incident command systems --- Assistance in emergencies --- Emergency communication systems --- Program Evaluation --- Emergencies --- Disaster Planning --- Evaluation Studies as Topic --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Quality of Health Care --- Disease Attributes --- Disasters --- Public Health --- Investigative Techniques --- Environment --- Health Services Administration --- Pathologic Processes --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Health Care --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Diseases --- Social Welfare & Social Work - General --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Evaluation --- Evaluation. --- Emergency assistance --- Failure to assist in emergencies --- Unified command (Emergency management) --- Unified command systems (Emergency management) --- Readiness --- Bystander effect --- Reliability
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A large number of diseases affect salivary gland (SG) secretion through different mechanisms, leading to SG dysfunction and associated oral problems. The glands may suffer from viral, bacterial, and, albeit rarely, fungal infections, which may cause painful swelling or obstruction; they could also become the target of an autoimmune attack or may be affected by various benign and malignant tumors which consist of a heterogeneous group of lesions with complex clinical–pathological characteristics. The loss of normal SG function results in widespread deterioration of oral health. This book, entitled “Diseases of Salivary Glands”, provides an overview of recent advances in the field of SG disorders, focusing on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SG diseases and on the most innovative investigation techniques that could help to preserve patients’ health, function, and quality of life.
salivary glands --- minor salivary glands --- salivary gland carcinoma --- mucoepidermoid carcinoma --- in situ carcinoma --- intra-cystic carcinoma --- chronic kidney disease --- salivary gland dysfunction --- salivary biomarkers --- oxidative stress --- nitrosative stress --- viral infection --- Epstein-Barr virus --- HTLV-1 --- salivary gland epithelial cell --- Hashimoto’s disease --- saliva --- Sjögren’s syndrome --- autoimmune disease --- physiopathology --- treatment --- diagnosis --- review --- primary Sjögren’s syndrome --- imaging --- salivary gland --- sialography --- salivary gland ultrasonography --- magnetic resonance imaging --- sialendoscopy --- salivary gland scintigraphy --- positron emission tomography --- NF-κB --- inflammation --- autoimmunity --- innate cells --- adaptive cells --- MR sialography --- dynamic --- sublingual gland ducts --- xerostomia --- SGEC --- immortalization --- acinar --- ductal --- spheroid --- n/a --- autoimmune diseases --- Sjögren syndrome --- B-cell lymphoma --- extranodal marginal zone lymphoma --- MALT lymphoma --- primary breast lymphoma --- radiation --- hyposalivation --- purinergic signaling --- bystander effect --- P2 receptors --- radioprotection --- head and neck cancer --- oral candidiasis --- Hashimoto's disease --- Sjögren's syndrome --- primary Sjögren's syndrome --- Sjögren syndrome
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