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This book is about reconstructing the grammar of Proto-Bantu, the ancestral language at the origin of current-day Bantu languages. While Bantu is a low-level branch of Niger-Congo, the world's biggest phylum, it is still Africa's biggest language family. This edited volume attempts to retrieve the phonology, morphology and syntax used by the earliest Bantu speakers to communicate with each other, discusses methods to do so, and looks at issues raised by these academic endeavours. It is a collective effort involving a fine mix of junior and senior scholars representing several generations of expert historical-comparative Bantu research. It is the first systematic approach to Proto-Bantu grammar since Meeussen's Bantu Grammatical Reconstructions (1967). Based on new bodies of evidence from the last five decades, most notably from northwestern Bantu languages, this book considerably transforms our understanding of Proto-Bantu grammar and offers new methodological approaches to Bantu grammatical reconstruction.

Bantu languages --- Bantu languages. --- Grammar.

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Comme l’indoeuropéen et l’austronésien, le domaine bantu est un exemple réussi d’application de la méthode comparative. On est en effet parvenu à restituer le berceau originel de la famille des langues bantu, à reconstruire la proto-langue ou à esquisser la culture des proto-locuteurs. En revanche, il reste à savoir comment les 500 langues concernées se sont constituées, et comment elles se sont répandues depuis la frontière nigéro-camerounaise jusqu’à occuper presque tout le sous-continent, du centre du Cameroun à l’Afrique du Sud. Le présent ouvrage apporte des éléments de réponse décisifs à ces questions. Après avoir rappelé les fondements et les méthodes de la linguistique historique et comparative, l’auteur étudie les principales propositions sur la langue originelle et les plus récentes tentatives de classification des langues bantu. L’examen de lexiques spécifiques, tels la faune ou la flore, lui permet de reconstruire la forme lexicale qu’auraient dû avoir ces termes dans la proto-langue, et de déterminer s’il s’agit de convergence ou d’emprunt. La reconstruction des racines permet d’inférer les caractéristiques d’une société du néolithique, pratiquant l’agriculture et l’élevage du petit bétail, la pêche et la navigation fluviale. Puis l’analyse des structures des langues met en évidence au moins deux groupes de langues qui se séparent, le bantu de l’Ouest et le bantu de l’Est, migrations initiales qui voient la naissance de la métallurgie du fer. Dans la dernière partie, l’auteur montre comment les langues bantu du Gabon se sont constituées à la suite de l’éclatement progressif du bantu de l’Ouest. Cette étude réussit à reconstruire des pans importants de l’histoire linguistique et culturelle des Bantu par un processus original de mise en concordance des données linguistiques, archéologiques, anthropologiques et génétiques. Le Gabon, proche du foyer d’origine des 500 langues bantu, y apparaît un laboratoire privilégié de l’anthropodiversité.

Languages & Literatures --- African Languages & Literatures --- Bantu languages --- Linguistics --- Phonology, Comparative. --- Gabon --- méthode comparative (linguistique) --- bantu (langue)

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This book presents peer-reviewed contributions on smart universities by various international research, design and development teams. Smart university is an emerging and rapidly evolving area that creatively integrates innovative concepts; smart software and hardware systems; smart classrooms with state-of-the-art technologies and technical platforms; smart pedagogy based on modern teaching and learning strategies; smart learning and academic analytics; as well as various branches of computer science and computer engineering. The contributions are grouped into several parts: Part 1—Smart Universities: Literature Review and Creative Analysis, Part 2—Smart Universities: Concepts, Systems and Technologies, Part 3—Smart Education: Approaches and Best Practices, and Part 4—Smart Universities: Smart Long Life Learning. The book is a valuable source of research data and findings, design and development outcomes, and best practices for faculty, scholars, Ph.D students, administrators, practitioners and anyone interested in the rapidly growing areas of smart university and smart education.

Educational innovations. --- Educational technology. --- Instructional technology --- Technology in education --- Education --- Innovations, Educational --- Technological change in education --- Innovations --- Technological innovations --- Engineering. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computational intelligence. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Educational innovations --- Instructional systems --- Teaching --- Educational planning --- Educational change --- Educational technology --- Aids and devices --- Experimental methods --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Shakespeare, William, --- Knowledge and learning. --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Europäische Union --- European Union. --- European Union --- Membership. --- Fezzan (Libya) --- Antiquities. --- Alte Prager Akten --- Verfassungsgeschichte --- Rechtsgeschichte --- Antiqua --- Denegata antiqua --- Höchstgericht --- Reichshofrat --- Women --- Social networks. --- 1900-2099 --- Linguistics. --- curriculum --- research --- education --- ucl --- higher education --- Interdisciplinarity --- Undergraduate education --- University College London --- anthropology --- ruptures --- turmoil --- food --- planning --- urban --- food security --- Brexit --- European Union Exit --- Financial Crisis --- Geopolitics --- Populism --- Bantu languages. --- smart universities --- World Learning Summit --- Learning Innovations and Quality --- digital future --- 1800-1899