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World War, 1914-1918.

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Nearly fourteen million people died during the First World War. But why, and for what reason? Already many contemporaries saw the Great War as a "pointless carnage" (Pope Benedict XV, 1917). Was there a point, at least in the eyes of the political and military decision makers? How did they justify the losses, and why did they not try to end the war earlier? In this volume twelve international specialists analyses and compares the hopes and expectations of the political and military leaders of the main belligerent countries and of their respective societies. It shows that the war aims adopted during the First World War were not, for the most part, the cause of the conflict, but a reaction to it, an attempt to give the tragedy a purpose - even if the consequence was to oblige the belligerents to go on fighting until victory. The volume tries to explain why - and for what - the contemporaries thought that they had to fight the Great War.

World War, 1914-1918 --- Causes. --- Political aspects. --- Social aspects. --- European War, 1914-1918 --- First World War, 1914-1918 --- Great War, 1914-1918 --- World War 1, 1914-1918 --- World War I, 1914-1918 --- World War One, 1914-1918 --- WW I (World War, 1914-1918) --- WWI (World War, 1914-1918) --- History, Modern --- World War (1914-1918) --- 1914 - 1918 --- World War I Period --- World War 1 --- History

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Avec le front militaire et le front social, un troisième front, celui des finances de guerre, s’est ouvert en 1914. Par les ruptures et les bouleversements qu’il a engendrés en matière de financement et d’équilibres économiques et monétaires mondiaux, il constitue le véritable tournant du XXe siècle, celui de la dette publique et de l’inflation pour la plupart des pays belligérants. Ce thème a fait l’objet de la première manifestation scientifique du cycle des quatre journées d’études consacrées au ministère des Finances dans la Grande Guerre et dont cet ouvrage collectif est le fruit. Concentré sur la mobilisation des ressources financières des principaux pays belligérants et sur les ruptures engendrées par le conflit en termes de finances publiques, ce recueil de travaux inédits comble une lacune importante de l’historiographie française sur la dimension économique et financière de la Grande Guerre. La crise financière de l’été 1914, les ruptures monétaires et financières à l’échelle du monde, la mobilisation tous azimuts des ressources par les pays belligérants, l’appel aux épargnants, autant de thèmes novateurs qui sont ici traités, sans oublier les relations complexes entre le ministère des Finances et la banque centrale, ici revisitées. Le conflit engendre également des changements institutionnels, car une guerre non préparée suscite des improvisations et la pénurie est parfois source d’innovations : quel a été l’impact de la guerre sur les ressources financières de l’état à court et moyen termes ? Comment les circuits de l’argent se sont-ils modifiés ? Quelles formes a revêtues l’appel au patriotisme financier d’un pays à l’autre ? Un index des noms et une bibliographie thématique complètent cet ouvrage qui éclaire d’un jour nouveau une dimension essentielle du premier conflit du XXe siècle.

World War, 1914-1918 --- Finance --- Economic aspects --- European War, 1914-1918 --- First World War, 1914-1918 --- Great War, 1914-1918 --- World War 1, 1914-1918 --- World War I, 1914-1918 --- World War One, 1914-1918 --- WW I (World War, 1914-1918) --- WWI (World War, 1914-1918) --- History, Modern --- emprunt --- gestion des finances --- Banque de France --- monnaie --- dépenses militaires

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"During the phases of mobile warfare, the ethnically and religiously very heterogeneous population in the border regions of the multi-ethnic empires suffered in particular. Even if the real military situation in the course of the war hardly gave cause for concern, the image of disloyal ethnic and national minorities was widespread. This was particularly the case when ethnic groups lived on both sides of the border and social and political tensions had already established themselves along ethnic or religious lines of conflict before the war. Displacements, deportations and mass violence were the result. The genocide of the Armenian population is the most extreme example of this development. This anthology examines the border regions of the Ottoman, Russian and Habsburg empires during the First World War with regard to radical population policy and genocidal violence from a comparative perspective in order to draw a more precise picture of escalating and deescalating factors. "

World War, 1914-1918 --- Social aspects --- European War, 1914-1918 --- First World War, 1914-1918 --- Great War, 1914-1918 --- World War 1, 1914-1918 --- World War I, 1914-1918 --- World War One, 1914-1918 --- WW I (World War, 1914-1918) --- WWI (World War, 1914-1918) --- History, Modern --- Population Policy; First World War; Genocide

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Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919 --- Epidemics --- Political aspects