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Iulli Martov, Lenin's contemporary and a prominent figure in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, was a prolific writer whose work was lost to history after decades of censorship. This translation of his 1919 monograph about the pivotal role of a temporary new class of peasants-in-uniform during the Russian Revolution makes his work available in English for the first time in a hundred years.

HBTV4 --- Mensheviks --- Bolsheviks --- Martov --- Russian Revolution --- Lenin --- Bolshevism --- Dictatorships --- Socialism --- Stalin --- Trotsky --- Proletariat --- Engels --- Marx --- Anarchism --- World War One --- Paris Commune --- Abramovitch --- Communism --- Bolshevik state --- Soviets --- Soviet Union --- Politics and government

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Karl Kautsky was, for three decades before the First World War, the main authority on the intellectual heritage of Marx and Engels, the founding fathers of Marxism. His interpretation of Marx’s Capital and the basic laws and contradictions of capitalism was the standard reference point for both the foes and allies of Social Democracy. Jukka Gronow’s On the Formation of Marxism analyses Kautsky’s impact on the self-understanding of the European labour movement from his dispute over Revisionism with Eduard Bernstein to his polemics with V.I. Lenin over Imperialism and the Russian Revolution. Despite many political differences, Gronow shows that these authors shared a common understanding of the basic nature of capitalism, which in important respects differed from Marx’s critique of political economy.

Kautsky, Karl, --- Kautsukī, Kāru, --- Kautskiĭ, Karl, --- Каутский, Карл, --- Kautskīĭ, K. --- Каутскій, К. --- Kautsʹkyĭ, K., --- Каутський, К., --- Kautsky, Karol, --- Ḳauṭsḳi, --- קאַוטסקי, ק. --- קאוטסקי --- קאוטסקי, קארל --- קאוטסקי, קארל, --- קאוטסקי, ק., --- קאויטסקי, קארל, --- קאויטסקי, ק. --- קויטסקי, קארל --- 考茨基, --- Kaoutsky, Karl, --- Capitalism. --- Communism --- History. --- Marx, Karl, --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Marx, Karl --- Makesi, --- Ma-kʻo-ssu, --- 马克思, --- 馬克思, --- Marukusu, --- マルクス, --- Marx, Heinrich Karl, --- Marks, Karl, --- Marx, Carlos, --- Marks, K. --- Marŭkʻŭsŭ, Kʻal, --- 마르크스, 칼, --- Marksŭ, --- 맑스, --- Marks, Karol, --- Mác, Các, --- Marx, Karel, --- Marksas, Karolis, --- Marx, Carlo, --- Mác, C., --- מארכס, --- מארכס, קארל, --- מארכס, קרל, --- מארכס, ק --- מארקס --- מארקס, קארל --- מארקס, קארל, --- מארקס, קרל, --- מארקס, ק. --- מרכס, קרל --- מרכס, קרל, --- ماركس، كارل --- ماركس، كارل، --- Markso, Karlo, --- marxism --- Capitalism --- Commodity --- Imperialism --- Karl Kautsky --- Karl Marx --- Proletariat --- Socialism --- Vladimir Lenin --- Working class

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Nous savons aujourd’hui ce qu’était réellement le communisme et comment il s’est propagé à travers toute la planète, mais le problème de sa signification historique demeure entier. Pourtant la tragédie qu’il a provoquée a quelque chose à nous dire sur nous-mêmes et sur le monde dans lequel nous vivons. Il s’agit ici de déchiffrer le sens de ce message : de montrer que le communisme a été la dernière ligne de défense des sociétés agraires traditionnelles face au défi de la société individualiste moderne. À ce titre, l’apparition du communisme représenterait le prix que le monde a dû payer pour passer le cap de la modernité. Mais la crise mondiale qui l’a fait naître a-t-elle pour autant disparu avec lui ?

Communisme. --- Changement (sociologie) --- Communism --- Aspect politique. --- URSS --- Soviet Union --- Politique et gouvernement --- Politics and government. --- Bolshevism --- Changement culturel --- Changement socioculturel --- Crises sociales --- Transformations sociales --- (sociologie) --- Bolchevisme --- Communisme international --- Et le communisme --- Léninisme --- Péril rouge (mythe) --- Soiouz Sovetskikh sotsialistitcheskikh respoublik --- Sojuz Sovetskih Socialističeskih Respublik --- SSSR --- Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques --- Union soviétique --- Ex-URSS --- Pays de la CEI --- Russie --- Asie --- Europe --- Politics and government --- Civilisation --- Conditions économiques --- Conditions sociales --- Histoire --- Moeurs et coutumes --- Relations extérieures --- Vie intellectuelle --- Divisions politiques et administratives --- Innovation sociale --- Différenciation sociale --- Évolution sociale --- Imitation sociale --- Progrès --- Constructivisme (sociologie) --- Décivilisation --- Diffusion de la culture --- Innovation --- Histoire sociale --- Sociologie --- histoire --- modernité --- communisme --- marxisme --- Anticommunisme --- Communautés rurales --- Totalitarisme --- Communisme et relations amoureuses --- Communisme et sports --- Communistes --- Marxisme --- Nationalisme et communisme --- Postcommunisme --- Socialisme --- Aide économique communiste --- Babouvisme --- Communisme et sionisme --- Communisme municipal --- Démocratie populaire --- Déstalinisation --- Dictature du prolétariat --- Éducation communiste --- Espionnage communiste --- Eurocommunisme --- Femmes et communisme --- Gauchisme --- Centralisme démocratique --- Leadership communiste --- Maoïsme --- Morale communiste --- Néo-babouvisme --- Partis communistes --- Procès communistes --- Propagande communiste --- Révisionnisme communiste --- Société communiste --- Stalinisme --- Communisation --- Stratégie communiste --- Syndicats et communisme --- Trotskisme --- Communisme et agriculture --- Communisme et culture --- Communisme et médias --- Communisme et relations internationales --- Communisme et religion --- Communisme et sexualité --- Collectivisme --- Idées politiques

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Geschichte (1928-1948) --- Classe ouvriere --- Paysannerie --- Communisme --- Klassenkampf --- Working class. --- Peasants. --- Communism. --- Peasants --- Working class --- Communism --- Histoire --- History --- Zhong guo gong chan dang --- Chine --- China. --- Conditions sociales --- Commons (Social order) --- Labor and laboring classes --- Laboring class --- Labouring class --- Working classes --- Social classes --- Labor --- Peasantry --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Employment --- Zhongguo gong chan dang --- KPCh --- CPC --- KPK --- CCP --- PCC --- Gongchandang --- Kommunistische Partei --- Zhong gong --- Kommunističeskaja Partija Kitaja --- Communist Party --- Zhonggong-Zhongyang --- Zhongyang --- Ḥizb-i Kumūnīstī-i Čīn --- Zhong-Gong --- Chung-kuo-kung-ch'an-tang --- Chinese Communist Party --- Kommunistische Partei Chinas --- Zhongguo-Gongchandang --- Communist Party of China --- Parti communiste chinois --- 中共 --- 中国共产党 --- Partei --- China --- 1921 --- -Chine --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- Soziale Klasse --- Classe paysanne --- Classes paysannes --- Et la paysannerie --- Et les paysans --- Paysannat --- Paysannes --- Paysans --- Sociétés paysannes --- Vilains --- Agriculteurs --- Propriété foncière --- Circoncellions --- Communautés rurales --- Crofters --- Ouvriers agricoles --- Paysans-ouvriers --- Révoltes paysannes --- Serfs --- Zadruga --- Classes populaires --- Conditions rurales --- Population rurale --- Travailleurs --- Bolchevisme --- Communisme international --- Et le communisme --- Léninisme --- Péril rouge (mythe) --- Anticommunisme --- Totalitarisme --- Communisme et relations amoureuses --- Communisme et sports --- Communistes --- Marxisme --- Nationalisme et communisme --- Postcommunisme --- Socialisme --- Aide économique communiste --- Babouvisme --- Communisme et sionisme --- Communisme municipal --- Démocratie populaire --- Déstalinisation --- Dictature du prolétariat --- Éducation communiste --- Espionnage communiste --- Eurocommunisme --- Femmes et communisme --- Gauchisme --- Centralisme démocratique --- Leadership communiste --- Maoïsme --- Morale communiste --- Néo-babouvisme --- Partis communistes --- Procès communistes --- Propagande communiste --- Révisionnisme communiste --- Société communiste --- Stalinisme --- Communisation --- Stratégie communiste --- Syndicats et communisme --- Trotskisme --- Communisme et agriculture --- Communisme et culture --- Communisme et médias --- Communisme et relations internationales --- Communisme et religion --- Communisme et sexualité --- Collectivisme --- Idées politiques --- Classes laborieuses --- Prolétariat --- Coopératives ouvrières de production --- Littérature prolétarienne --- Hommes de la classe ouvrière --- Écrivains ouvriers --- Enfants de la classe ouvrière --- Familles ouvrières --- Femmes de la classe ouvrière --- Mouvement ouvrier --- Classes sociales --- mouvement --- 1949 --- -BNKhAU --- Chung-hua min kuo --- Jhonggu --- Khi͡atad --- Kin --- Kita --- Kitaĭskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- National Government --- Republic --- Republic of China --- Zhonghuaminguo