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La présence d'oasis dans le Sahara peut sembler une aberration écologique. Les palmeraies et les jardins qu'elles abritent sont en fait le fruit d'une conquête millénaire qui se poursuit encore aujourd'hui. Ces paysages artificiels, terroirs soigneusement façonnés et entretenus, sont l'archétype des systèmes naturels anthropisés. Cet ouvrage a été réalisé à partir d'enquêtes de terrain menées dans le Jérid tunisien, mais aussi dans le Tassili n'Ajjer (Djanet, Algérie) et l'oued Draa (Zagora, Maroc). Si cette perspective comparative révèle la diversité des pratiques et savoirs oasiens et des relations à l'environnement, elle met aussi en valeur les dynamiques locales qui se déploient au-delà de l'habituel dualisme entre tradition et modernité. Par ailleurs, plusieurs échelles d'étude, de la planche de cultures au jardin et du parcellaire à la palmeraie, permettent de souligner la variété des articulations entre facteurs écologiques, économiques et sociaux. Le Sahara cultivé n'offre pas une mais des natures oasiennes en constante évolution, construites à partir de cette richesse anthropologique.

Jardin --- gardens --- Arecaceae --- Plante alimentaire --- Food crops --- Communauté végétale --- Plant communities --- Irrigation --- Pratique culturale --- Cultivation --- Environnement socioéconomique --- socioeconomic environment --- Environnement socioculturel --- sociocultural environment --- Oasis --- Oases --- Désert du Sahara --- Sahara Desert --- Oases. --- Arid regions agriculture --- Jarīd, Shaṭṭ al- (Tunisia) --- Economic conditions. --- Social life and customs. --- Dryland agriculture --- Dryland farming --- Agriculture --- Crop zones --- Desert reclamation --- Chott Djerid (Tunisia) --- Chott el Djerid (Tunisia) --- Chott el Jerid (Tunisia) --- Djerid, Chott (Tunisia) --- Jerid, Chott el (Tunisia) --- Shaṭṭ al-Jarīd (Tunisia) --- système agraire --- Djérid --- oasis --- Tunisie --- désert --- exploitation agricole --- environnement --- Sahara

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"In Slavery, Agriculture, and Malaria in the Arabian Peninsula, Benjamin Reilly illuminates a previously unstudied phenomenon: the large-scale employment of people of African ancestry as slaves in agricultural oases within the Arabian Peninsula. The key to understanding this unusual system, Reilly argues, is the prevalence of malaria within Arabian Peninsula oases and drainage basins, which rendered agricultural lands in Arabia extremely unhealthy for people without genetic or acquired resistance to malarial fevers. In this way, Arabian slave agriculture had unexpected similarities to slavery as practiced in the Caribbean and Brazil. This book synthesizes for the first time a body of historical and ethnographic data about slave-based agriculture in the Arabian Peninsula. Reilly uses an innovative methodology to analyze the limited historical record and a multidisciplinary approach to complicate our understandings of the nature of work in an area that is popularly thought of solely as desert. This work makes significant contributions both to the global literature on slavery and to the environmental history of the Middle East--an area that has thus far received little attention from scholars"--

Slavery --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- History. --- Agricultural laborers --- Malaria --- Agriculture --- Oases --- Deserts --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Ague --- Chills and fever --- Intermittent fever --- Malarial fever --- Fever --- Protozoan diseases --- Agricultural workers --- Farm labor --- Farm laborers --- Farm workers --- Farmhands --- Farmworkers --- Employees --- Enslaved persons --- Persons --- Social aspects --- Health aspects --- Environmental aspects --- Arabian Peninsula --- Arabia --- Environmental conditions