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Au Mexique, dans le sud-est de l'État du Michoacán, la société occupant la dépression du Río Balsas offre l'image d'un déséquilibre entre de grands domaines d'élevage et des exploitations minifundistes, pareille en cela à beaucoup d'agricultures latino-américaines. Tout au long de l'histoire, malgré une réforme agraire ambitieuse, l'élevage bovin, grâce au droit de vaine pâture sur les terres des communautés paysannes, a constitué la base des mécanismes d'accumulation différentielle et de concentration foncière. Pour les freiner, les petits paysans n'ont eu d'autre recours que la double activité et la migration saisonnière sur des distances qui s'allongent : les « hirondelles » se sont imposées comme la figure centrale de la société agraire des « Terres Chaudes » mexicaines. Aujourd'hui, leur survie en tant que producteurs agricoles est remise en question. L'élevage extensif est devenu la seule activité qui permette le maintien des revenus paysans, dans un contexte d'insertion croissante au marché et de perspectives d'intégration à l'espace économique nord-américain. Cette spécialisation s'exerce dans un espace largement saturé où la compétition pour les ressources fourragères marginalise les « hirondelles », à qui ne reste que l'espoir d'un « gros coup » lié aux activités illégales - la migration aux États-Unis, le trafic de cannabis - ou l'exode, cette fois définitif.

Economics --- Planning & Development --- système agraire --- politique agricole --- économie rurale --- petite propriété --- conflit foncier --- propriété foncière --- réforme agraire --- grande propriété --- Mexique --- crise agricole --- stupéfiants --- stratification sociale --- élevage extensif --- migration temporair

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That the Age of Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th centuries, the spirit of reason, science, humanism and progress, as opposed to obscurantism, has led to the emergence of scientific, disruptive knowledge, even regarding the foundations of Society, is indisputable to anyone using their reason. Thus, were brought about great transformations of Society, which took place. In our time, digital technologies, through enabling observations of otherwise invisible phenomena, induce also a multitude of disruptive practices. As this effect and its inevitable implications continue to accelerate into the future, their integration into the progression of Society and enterprise is now absolutely imperative. The intention of this book is to bring out the intelligence of the progression of Society or of enterprise by enabling the intelligence of living together (Human Sciences), the intelligence of solutions (Natural Sciences) and the intelligence of the artificial (Sciences of Engineering, including the Digital), to connect together through the informational intelligence of services. Such a connection is established thanks to Service Science. It forms the base for the Informational Lights. Michel Léonard is a professor at the University of Geneva since 1977 in Information Systems and Service Science. He has been the initiator of numerous courses and curricula including the Franco-Swiss European DEA MATIS, and of the IESS (International Conference on Exploring Service Science) series of international scientific conferences. His research has focused on the one hand on methods for the design and evolution of information systems, and on the other hand on the creation of database management systems in accordance with these methods. They now focus on Service Science by adding the informational dimension.

SCIENCE / General. --- service science --- company

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This reprint highlights high-quality original research and review papers that include innovative colloidal drug delivery systems and cutting-edge characterization techniques that significantly contribute to the area of nanomedicine. The results presented are of high interest for specialists from a broad spectrum of fields, including biomedical, pharmaceutical, industrial, and biotechnological spheres.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- synthetic antimicrobial polymers --- assembled nanostructures --- surfaces and coatings --- antimicrobial properties --- folate-targeted nanoparticles --- BSA/alginate nanocarriers --- paclitaxel --- cellular uptake --- cell viability --- ciprofibrate --- drug delivery --- Rietveld method --- crystallography --- nanotechnology --- neuropathy --- polymeric nanoparticles --- preclinical investigation --- pharmacokinetics of pregabalin --- antinociceptive effect --- induced sleep --- polymer nanoparticles --- glioma/glioblastoma --- blood–brain barrier (BBB)/blood brain tumour barrier (BBTB) --- nanodiagnostics --- drug delivery and imaging --- nanocrystals --- surface modification --- chemotherapy --- cancer --- cyclosporine A --- ethoxylated fatty acid --- block copolymer --- polymeric micelles --- ocular --- nanoparticles --- natural and synthetic polymers --- drug delivery systems --- biocompatibility --- in vivo tests --- nicarbazin --- DNC --- glycyrrhizic acid --- PVP --- micelles --- coccidiosis --- Pluronic --- F127 --- drug delivery system --- active pharmaceutical ingredient --- antimicrobial activity

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Economic inequity is an issue of worldwide concern in the twenty-first century. Although these issues have not troubled all people at all times, they are nonetheless not new. Thus, it is not surprising that Judaism has developed many perspectives, theoretical and practical, to explain and ameliorate the circumstances that produce serious economic disparity. This volume offers an accessible collection of articles that deal comprehensively with this phenomenon from a variety of approaches and perspectives. Within this framework, the fourteen authors who contributed to Wealth and Poverty in Jewish Tradition bring a formidable array of experience and insight to uncover interconnected threads of conversation and activities that characterize Jewish thought and action. Among the questions raised, for which there are frequently multiple responses: Is the giving of tzedakah (generally, although imprecisely, translated as “charity”) a command or an impulse? Does the Jewish tradition give priority to the donor or to the recipient? To what degree is charity a communal responsibility? Is there something inherently ennobling or, conversely, debasing about being poor? How have basic concepts about wealth and poverty evolved from biblical through rabbinic and medieval sources until the modern period? What are some specific historical events that demonstrate either marked success or bitter failure? And finally, are there some relevant concepts and practices that are distinctively, if not uniquely, Jewish? It is a singular strength of this collection that appropriate attention is given, in a style that is both accessible and authoritative, to the vast and multiform conversations that are recorded in the Talmud and other foundational documents of rabbinic Judaism. Moreover, perceptive analysis is not limited to the past, but also helps us to comprehend circumstances among today’s Jews. It is equally valuable that these authors are attuned to the differences between aspirations and the realities in which actual people have lived.

Wealth --- Poverty --- Judaism and social problems --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Judaism --- Social problems and Judaism --- Social problems --- Destitution --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Affluence --- Distribution of wealth --- Fortunes --- Riches --- Business --- Economics --- Finance --- Capital --- Money --- Property --- Well-being --- Religious aspects --- Judaism and social problems. --- Social groups: religious groups & communities

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"Next Year in Jerusalem recognizes that Jews have often experienced periods of exile and return in their long tradition. The fourteen papers in this collection examine this phenomenon from different approaches, genres, and media. They cover the period from biblical times through today. Among the exiles highlighted are the Babylonian Exile (sixth century BCE), the exile after the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple (70 CE), and the years after the Crusaders (tenth century CE). Events of return include the aftermath of the Babylonian Exile (fifth century BCE), the centuries after the Temple's destruction (first and second CE), and the years of the establishment of the modern State of Israel (1948 CE). In each instance authors pay close attention to the historical settings, the literature created by Jews and others, and the theological explanations offered (typically, this was seen as divine punishment or reward for Israel's behavior). The entire volume is written authoritatively and accessibly"--

Jews --- Zionism and Judaism --- Identity --- History --- Temple Mount (Jerusalem) --- Jerusalem --- In the Bible --- In Judaism --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- Judaism and Zionism --- Ierusalim --- Иерусалим --- Yerushalayim --- Jeruzalem --- Quds --- Ūrushalīm --- Kuds --- Kouds --- Erusaghēm --- Bayt al-Maqdis --- Jeruzsálem --- Jerusalem (Israel) --- Jerusalem (Palestine) --- ʻIriyat Yerushalayim --- Ierousalēm --- Gerusalemme --- Baladīyat al-Quds --- Baladīyat al-Quds al-ʻArabīyah --- Jerusalem Arab Municipality --- Qods (Jerusalem) --- ירושלים --- القدس --- al-Quds --- قدس --- Jerusalén --- Har ha-bayit (Jerusalem) --- Ḥaram al-Sharīf (Jerusalem) --- Ḥaram esh-Sherîf (Jerusalem) --- Moriah, Mount (Jerusalem) --- Mount Moriah (Jerusalem)