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This book examines the grass-roots relationship between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the civilian population during the Irish Revolution. It is primarily concerned with the attempts of the militant revolutionaries to discourage, stifle, and punish dissent among the local populations in which they operated, and the actions or inactions by which dissent was expressed or implied.Focusing on the period of guerilla war against British rule from c. 1917 to 1922, it uncovers the acts of 'everyday' violence, threat, and harm that characterized much of the revolutionary activity of this period. Moving away from the ambushes and assassinations that have dominated much of the discourse on the revolution, the book explores low-level violent and non-violent agitation in the Irish town or parish. The opening chapter treats the IRA's challenge to the British state through the campaign against servants of the Crown - policemen, magistrates, civil servants, and others - and IRA participation in local government and the republican counter-state. The book then explores the nature of civilian defiance and IRA punishment in communities across the island before turning its attention specifically to the year that followed the 'Truce' of July 1921.This study argues that civilians rarely operated at either extreme of a spectrum of support but, rather, in a large and fluid middle ground. Behaviour was rooted in local circumstances, and influenced by local fears, suspicions, and rivalries. IRA punishment was similarly dictated by community conditions and usually suited to the nature of the perceived defiance. Overall, violence and intimidation in Ireland was persistent, but, by some contemporary standards, relatively restrained.

Violence. --- Intimidation. --- Violence --- Intimidation --- History --- Irish Republican Army --- Irish Republican Army. --- History. --- 1900-1999 --- Irland --- Ireland. --- Fear --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Threat (Psychology) --- Harassment --- Violent behavior --- Social psychology --- Armata repubblicana irlandese --- Armée républicaine irlandaise --- I.R.A. --- IRA --- Official IRA --- Oglaig na h-Éireann --- Republican Army --- Armata Repubblicana Irlandese --- Armée Républicaine Irlandaise --- Oglaig na h-Eireann --- Irisch-Republikanische Armee --- Nordirland --- 1919 --- -Irish Volunteers --- Provisional IRA --- Airlann --- Airurando --- Éire --- Irish Republic --- Irlanda --- Irlande --- Irlanti --- Írország --- Poblacht na hÉireann --- Republic of Ireland --- Staat Irland --- Poblacht na h'Eireann --- Republik Irland --- Saorstát Éireann --- Irish Free State --- Ireland --- Eire --- Insel --- Iren --- -Armata repubblicana irlandese --- Irish Volunteers --- Éire --- Saorstát Éireann --- アイルランド --- -History. --- Belfast --- Boycott --- Catholic Church --- Dáil Éireann --- Impact Wrestling --- Protestantism --- Royal Irish Constabulary --- ireland

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"This biography examines the long life of the traveller and author Stephen Graham. Graham walked across large parts of the Tsarist Empire in the years before 1917, describing his adventures in a series of books and articles that helped to shape attitudes towards Russia in Britain and the United States. In later years he travelled widely across Europe and North America, meeting some of the best known writers of the twentieth century, including H.G. Wells and Ernest Hemingway. Graham also wrote numerous novels and biographies that won him a wide readership on both sides of the Atlantic. This book traces Graham's career as a world traveller, and provides a rich portrait of English, Russian and American literary life in the first half of the twentieth century. It also examines how many aspects of his life and writing coincide with contemporary concerns, including the development of New Age spirituality and the rise of environmental awareness. Beyond Holy Russia is based on extensive research in archives of private papers in Britain and the USA and on the many works of Graham himself. The author describes with admirable tact and clarity Graham's heterodox and convoluted spiritual quest. The result is a fascinating portrait of a man who was for many years a significant literary figure on both sides of the Atlantic."--Publisher's website.

English literature --- American literature --- History and criticism. --- Graham, Stephen, --- Russia --- Description and travel. --- written literature --- travel writing

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• Applications of Information Theory to Epidemiology collects recent research findings on the analysis of diagnostic information and epidemic dynamics. • The collection includes an outstanding new review article by William Benish, providing both a historical overview and new insights. • In research articles, disease diagnosis and disease dynamics are viewed from both clinical medicine and plant pathology perspectives. Both theory and applications are discussed. • New theory is presented, particularly in the area of diagnostic decision-making taking account of predictive values, via developments of the predictive receiver operating characteristic curve. • New applications of information theory to the analysis of observational studies of disease dynamics in both human and plant populations are presented.

Ebola model --- Caputo derivative --- Caputo–Fabrizio derivative --- Atangana–Baleanu derivative --- numerical results --- entropy --- information theory --- multiple diagnostic tests --- mutual information --- relative entropy --- balance --- Jensen–Shannon divergence --- observational study --- selection bias --- probability --- forecast --- likelihood ratio --- positive predictive value --- negative predictive value --- diagnostic information --- Shannon entropy --- epidemic model --- transient behavior --- vaccination and treatment intervention controls --- diagnostic test --- evaluation --- ROC curve --- PROC curve --- binormal --- prevalence --- Bayes’ rule --- leaf plot --- expected mutual information --- predictive ROC curve --- PV-ROC curve --- SS-ROC curve --- SS/PV-ROC plot --- empirical --- urinary bladder cancer --- sensitivity --- specificity --- HIV/AIDS epidemic --- regression model --- Newton–Raphson procedure --- Fisher scoring algorithm --- time series --- early detection --- Asiatic citrus canker --- latent class --- field diagnostic --- scent signature --- direct assay --- deployment --- average mutual information --- stochastic processes --- deterministic dynamics --- n/a --- Caputo-Fabrizio derivative --- Atangana-Baleanu derivative --- Jensen-Shannon divergence --- Bayes' rule --- Newton-Raphson procedure

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This book explores the interplay between the making of Elias as a sociologist and the development of his core ideas relating to figurations, interdependence, and civilising processes. Focusing on the relevance of Elias''s work for current debates within sociology, the authors centrally consider his contributions to the sociology of knowledge and methodology. Dunning and Hughes locate the work of Elias within a discussion of the crisis of sociology as a subject, and compare his figurational approach with the approaches of three major figures in modern sociology: Anthony Giddens, Michel Foucault

Sociology. --- Sociologists --- Sociologues --- Sociologie. --- Elias, Norbert, --- Influence --- Critique et interprétation --- Influence. --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Behavioral scientists --- Social scientists --- Elías, N. --- Elias, Norbert --- Critique et interprétation. --- Germany. --- Alemania --- Ashkenaz --- BRD --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Deutsches Reich --- Deutschland --- Doitsu --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- FRN --- German Uls --- Germania --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Germanyah --- Gjermani --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Jirmānīya --- KhBNGU --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Nimechchyna --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República de Alemania --- República Federal de Alemania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Vācijā --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Weimar Republic --- Weimarer Republik --- Germany (East) --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Deguo --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- Gėrman --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Jirmānīya --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- República de Alemania --- República Federal de Alemania --- Vācijā --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Germany (West) --- Europe --- Gėrman

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History and Wonder is a refreshing new take on the idea of history that tracks the entanglement of history and philosophy over time through the key idea of wonder. From Ancient Greek histories and wonder works, to Islamic curiosities and Chinese strange histories, through to European historical cabinets of curiosity and on to histories that grapple with the horrors of the Holocaust, Marnie Hughes-Warrington unpacks the ways in which historians throughout the ages have tried to make sense of the world, and to change it. This book considers histories and historians across time and space, including the Ancient Greek historian Polybius, the medieval texts by historians such as Bede in England and Ibn Khaldun in Islamic Historiography, and the more recent works by Martin Heidegger, Luce Irigaray and Ranajit Guha among others. It explores the different ways in which historians have called upon wonder to cross boundaries between the past and the present, the universal and the particular, the old and the new, and the ordinary and the extraordinary. Promising to both delight and unsettle, it shows how wonder works as the beginning of historiography. Accessible, engaging and wide-ranging, History as Wonder provides an original addition to the field of historiography that is ideal for those both new to and familiar with the study of history.

Historiography. --- Historical criticism --- History --- Authorship --- Criticism --- Historiography --- Adam Smith --- Aristotle --- Bede --- Descartes --- Geoffrey of Monmouth --- Heidegger --- Hobbes --- historiography --- Ibn Khaldun --- Joan Scott --- Kant --- Luce Irigaray --- Polybius --- philosophy of history --- Ranajit Guha