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This book, one of four devoted to Rubens’s portraiture, contains a catalogue of all the portraits of unidentified individuals attributed by Ludwig Burchard or by the authors to Rubens and executed in Antwerp. The volume thus complements the catalogue of all the portraits of known persons painted by Rubens in Antwerp, published in the Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig Burchard as Part XIX.2 in 1987. A decade earlier the volume on the portraits painted by Rubens outside Antwerp (XIX.1) had inaugurated the series on Rubens’s portraits. In 2016, the book dealing with Portraits after Existing Prototypes (XIX.4) also appeared, so that now the cataloguing of Rubens’s entire oeuvre in the field of portraiture is complete. Not all the works discussed in the present book (XIX.3) are, however, portraits of unidentified sitters – initially the volume’s title. Recent scholarly research has not only allowed insights into sitters previously unrecognised, but has indeed made it possible to give an identity to a number of persons portrayed in works that were not included in the second volume (XIX.2). Among these sitters are members of Rubens’s own family, as well as his contemporaries, including significant figures in the political, economic or religious life of the period.

sitters --- portraits --- Rubens, Peter Paul --- Antwerp --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, --- Catalogs --- Painting --- easel paintings [paintings by form] --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, 1577-1640 --- Kritiek en interpretatie --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, - 1577-1640 --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, - 1577-1640 - Catalogs --- Portraits (peinture)

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Wildens, Jan --- Wildens, Jan, --- Rubens, Peter Paul, --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, --- Wildens, Jan, - 1585-1653 --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, - 1577-1640

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births --- Rubens, Peter Paul --- Painters --- Biography --- Rubens, Peter Paul, --- Belgium --- 17th century --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, --- Painters - Belgium - Biography --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, - 1577-1640 --- Rubens, Peter Paul.

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Rubens had a profound impact on the visual culture of his age. He was admired not only as a painter but for his learning : the knowledge of classical literature and imagery which he exploited so brilliantly in arresting and powerful pictures. Rubens was particularly drawn to allegory : the use of personified figures, sometimes in combination with the gods of the ancient pantheon and certain humans (historical individuals), to express concepts, ideals and even political messages. A contemporary praised him for using in his allegorical compositions "only symbols of Antiquity, thus popularising the coins and other monuments of the ancient world", but Rubens adapted ancient symbolism to new effect, with the aim of creating pictures whose essential meaning would be the more accessible for it. This volume presents works that Ludwig Burchard (1886-1960) planned to include in his catalogue raisonné under the heading "Allegories and subjects from literature". It features some of the artist's most celebrated paintings, as well as some lesser-known or recently discovered items. The themes range from nature's abundance to the dangers of excess, from human hove to political expediency, triumph and the celebration of religion. It includes masterpieces as diverse in tone as the "Shivering Venus" (Antwerp, Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten) and the "Horrors of war" (Florence, Palazzo Pitti), memorably described by a great historian as "the immortal and unforgettable frontispiece to the Thirty Years' War". As well as an introduction to the subject, the catalogue provides extensive analyses of each work, revealing Rubens's literary and visual references. The circumstances surrounding the making and display of every item are investigated and considered alongside the artist's own creative process, since knowledge of the intended context and the early viewing conditions of Rubens's works is so important to the understanding of their significance. Thus particular attention is paid to provenance, not only for the works themselves, but for the copies made after them.

Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig Burchard --- Iconography --- catalogues raisonnés --- allegory [artistic device] --- Rubens, Peter Paul --- Rubens, Peter Paul, --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus --- Iconografie --- oeuvre catalogi --- allegorie [symboliek] --- iconografie --- literatuur --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, --- Catalogs --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, - 1577-1640 --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, - 1577-1640 - Catalogs --- kunst en literatuur --- iconografie. --- literatuur. --- Rubens, Peter Paul.

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Rubens, Peter Paul --- genre [visual works] --- Genre painting --- Rubens, Peter Paul, --- studies [visual works] --- Peinture de genre --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, --- Catalogs --- iconografie --- genres --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, - 1577-1640 --- Rubens, Petrus Paulus, - 1577-1640 - Catalogs --- Peinture de genre. --- iconografie. --- genres. --- Rubens, Peter Paul. --- genre pictures