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Yong-Jin Wu New Indole-Containing Medicinal Compounds Timothy C. Barden Indoles: Industrial, Agricultural and Over-the-Counter Uses Richard J. Sundberg Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Indoles Tara L.S. Kishbaugh Reactions of Indole with Nucleophiles Erin Pelkey Metalation of Indole Jie Jack Li ∙ Gordon W. Gribble Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions for Indoles Jeanese C. Badenock Radical Reactions of Indole Fariborz Firooznia ∙ Robert F. Kester ∙ Steven J. Berthel [2+2], [3+2] and [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Indole Derivatives Steven J. Berthel ∙ Fariborz Firooznia ∙ Robert F. Kester [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Indole Derivatives Jonathon S. Russel Oxindoles and Spirocyclic Variations: Strategies for C3 Functionalization Liangfeng Fu Advances in the Total Syntheses of Complex Indole Natural Products

Organic chemistry --- organische chemie

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Molecules are created by the covalent bonding of atoms. However, although a molecule is created from a multitude of atoms, it behaves as an individual entity. A vast number of moleculesof different sizes and structuresare known, ranging from the simplest hydrogen molecule to high-molecular-weight m- made polymers and sophisticated biological macromolecules such as proteins and DNA. Indeed, all living matter, natural minerals and arti?cial materials, however complex and numerous they are, are combinations of some of these tens of millions of molecules. We may therefore be tempted to believe that the structures and properties of these materials and compounds can be directly related to those of the individual molecules that comprise them in a straig- forward way. Unfortunately, this notion is not correct. However deeply we understand the nature of individual molecules, this knowledge is not enough to explain the structures and functions of materials and molecular assemblies that are derived as a result of organizing individual molecules. This is part- ularly true with biological molecular systems that are derived from the spatial and temporal organization of component molecules. In this book we delve into the ?eld of supramolecular chemistry, which deals with supermolecules. A supermolecule in this sense can be de?ned as a molecule beyond a molecule  - a large and complex entity formed from other molecules.

Organic chemistry --- organische chemie

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Lignans, by convention, are a group of natural products that are formed by linking two phenylpropanoid units (C C units) by oxidative coupling. Most importantly, in 6 3 a lignan, two (C C units) are bound through the central carbon of their side chains, 6 3 0 i. e. the 8 and 8 positions (1, 2). The occurrence of C C -dimers, linked at sites other 6 3 0 than the 8-8 positions, is also known and these compounds have been termed neolignans (3, 4). As these two groups of compounds have close structural as well as biosynthetic relationships, they are often associated together and incorporated under the general term lignan  (5). The diverse structural categorization of true lignans and of a few neolignans is presented in Fig. 1. Through the years, several review articles or books covering different facets of lignans, including their ch- istry (6, 7), biogenesis (8), synthesis (9), and biological activities (10) have been published. Enduring research for the investigation of secondary metabolites of plants has evidenced some compounds that are biogenetically related to true lignans or neolignans but bear some features not discerned in conventional lignans. These compounds or groups of compounds have been termed as non-conventional lignans , and include coumarinolignans, ?avonolignans, and stilbenolignans. The non-conventional lignans, like the conventional ones, have two C C units linked 6 3 together but have additional structural features to place them also under the category of coumarins, ?avonoids, or stilbenes.

Organic chemistry --- organische chemie

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Photochemistry (a term that broadly speaking includes photophysics) is abranchofmodernsciencethatdealswiththeinteractionoflightwithmatter and lies at the crossroadsof chemistry, physics, and biology. However, before being a branch of modern science, photochemistry was (and still is today), an extremely important natural phenomenon. When God said: Let there be light , photochemistry began to operate, helping God to create the world as wenowknowit.Itislikelythatphotochemistrywasthesparkfortheoriginof life on Earth and played a fundamental role in the evolution of life. Through the photosynthetic process that takes place in green plants, photochemistry is responsible for the maintenance of all living organisms. In the geological past photochemistry caused the accumulation of the deposits of coal, oil, and naturalgasthat wenowuseasfuels.Photochemistryisinvolved inthecontrol ofozoneinthestratosphereandinagreatnumber ofenvironmentalprocesses thatoccurintheatmosphere,inthesea,andonthesoil.Photochemistryisthe essenceoftheprocessofvisionandcausesavarietyofbehavioralresponsesin living organisms. Photochemistry as a science is quite young; we only need to go back less than one century to ?nd its early pioneer [1]. The concept of coordination compound is also relatively young; it was established in 1892, when Alfred Werner conceived his theory of metal complexes [2]. Since then, the terms coordination compound and metal complex have been used as synonyms, even if in the last 30 years, coordination chemistry has extended its scope to the binding ofall kinds of substrates [3, 4].

Organic chemistry --- organische chemie

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Organic chemistry --- organische chemie