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The book is based on the results of the investigations of the authors in the semi-arid and arid regions (ASAR) of the globe. These investigations brought to the conclusion that the warming climate will cause the drying up of the water resources in these regions. In this case the principles of Sustainable Development will not be able to avert forthcoming catastrophes. These conclusions brought to the compilation of the policy of "Progressive Development", emphasising investment in the development of new water resources and changing the natural environments while advancing the local populations on the dimension of knowledge by education.

Nature protection --- Meteorology. Climatology --- General ecology and biosociology --- drogen --- biodiversiteit --- natuurbescherming --- klimaatverandering --- broeikaseffect --- Climatic change --- Semiarid zones --- Water resources --- hydrological cycle --- Agricultural development --- groundwater --- Water resources development. --- Water-supply.

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More than 2.6 billion people in the developing world lack access to safe water and sanitation services. The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target is to halve the number of people without access to improved services such as a sustainable source of water supply and connection to a sewer network by 2015. That target is unlikely to be met. If there is anything that can be learnt from European development experience it is that institutional reform occurs incrementally when politically enfranchised urban populations perceive a threat to their material well-being due to contamination of water sources. Peri-urban Water and Sanitation Services, a collection of papers initially developed to support a distance-learning course at UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands, challenges professionals to pursue water services dilemmas within a broader developmental framework that addresses issues of autonomy and accountability intrinsic to intergovernmental relations. This book draws on literature at the interface of common pool resources, co-production, new public management and political ecology to discuss important policy concerns that relate to rural-urban transformation, budget support, wastewater reuse and performance benchmarking. ˜This collection of work by some of the most important researchers on socio-ecological aspects of water and sanitation is timely. By highlighting the importance of behaviour, society and ecology on the management of water and sanitation, the editors are highlighting an area of work that has largely been neglected. For instance, why is it that so many technical fixes exist, and yet in practice, few successful projects are ever brought to scale?' Mark Redwood, Program Leader, Urban Poverty and Environment Program, International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada ˜With global urban population now larger than rural, opening of public-private relationships and opportunities, and the globalisation of technology and capital, can needs of citizens for clean and affordable water and sanitation services be met? This book argues that the terrain is rapidly changing and provides an evidence-based approach not only to technology but also to governance systems that mediate access to public services.' Gita Sen, Professor, Centre for Public Policy, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India

Water resources development --- Water-supply --- Water utilities --- Sanitation --- Ressources en eau --- Eau --- Services d'eau --- Salubrité publique --- Case studies --- Exploitation --- Etudes de cas --- Approvisionnement --- Salubrité publique --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVECOLO LIVTERRE SPRINGER-B

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To understand hydrochemistry and to analyze natural as well as man-made impacts on aquatic systems, hydrogeochemical models have been used since the 1960’s and more frequently in recent times. Numerical groundwater flow, transport, and geochemical models are important tools besides classical deterministic and analytical approaches. Solving complex linear or non-linear systems of equations, commonly with hundreds of unknown parameters, is a routine task for a PC. Modeling hydrogeochemical processes requires a detailed and accurate water analysis, as well as thermodynamic and kinetic data as input. Thermodynamic data, such as complex formation constants and solubility-products, are often provided as databases within the respective programs. However, the description of surface-controlled reactions (sorption, cation exchange, surface complexation) and kinetically controlled reactions requires additional input data. Unlike groundwater flow and transport models, thermodynamic models, in principal, do not need any calibration. However, considering surface-controlled or kinetically controlled reaction models might be subject to calibration. Typical problems for the application of geochemical models are: • speciation • determination of saturation indices • adjustment of equilibria/disequilibria for minerals or gases • mixing of different waters • modeling the effects of temperature • stoichiometric reactions (e.g. titration) • reactions with solids, fluids, and gaseous phases (in open and closed systems) • sorption (cation exchange, surface complexation) • inverse modeling • kinetically controlled reactions • reactive transport Hydrogeochemical models depend on the quality of the chemical analysis, the boundary conditions presumed by the program, theoretical concepts (e.g.

Water chemistry --- Mathematical models. --- Aquatic chemistry --- Chemical hydrology --- Hydrochemistry --- Hydrogeochemistry --- Natural water chemistry --- Geochemistry --- Hydrology --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Geography. --- Environmental toxicology. --- Hydrogeology. --- Hydrology/Water Resources. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Analytic biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Bioanalytic chemistry --- Bioanalytical chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- Hydrology. --- Analytical chemistry. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Earth sciences. --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytic chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Chemistry --- Aquatic sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Groundwater --- Water chemistry - Mathematical models

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A new discipline of hydrogeophysics has evolved, aimed at improved simultaneous use of geophysical and hydrogeological measurements for hydrogeological investigations. By combining measurements made from hydrologic instruments with geophysical methods, accurate subsurface characterization and monitoring can be achieved, with high temporal and spatial resolution over a range of spatial scales. This helps to estimate parameters and monitor processes that are important to hydrological studies, such as those associated with water resources, contaminant transport, ecological and climate investigations. This book covers the fundamentals of the discipline from both the hydrogeological and geophysical perspectives, provides guidelines for application of different approaches and methods, and includes extensive examples of hydrogeophysical applications through case studies. Thirty five authors from nine countries, who are leaders in their respective areas, contributed to Hydrogeophysics. The book is intended to provide an introduction to new researchers to the field, to be used as a resource for researchers already active in the field, and to serve as a springboard for advances in the field that are needed to improve our understanding and management of the earth’s shallow subsurface.

Hydrogeology --- Geophysics --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Physical geography. --- Environmental pollution. --- Hydrogeology. --- Hydrology/Water Resources. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Geography --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Environmental aspects --- Hydrology. --- Geophysics. --- Remote sensing. --- Water pollution. --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Aquatic sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Groundwater

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This book focuses on how hydrogeophysical methods can be applied to solve problems facing environmental engineers, geophysicists, agronomists, hydrologists, soil scientists and hydrogeologists. We present applications of hydrogeophysical methods to the understanding of hydrological processes and environmental problems dealing with the flow of water and the transport of solutes and contaminants. The majority of the book is organized as a series of process-driven chapters, each authored by leading experts. Areas covered include: infiltration and solute transport processes, biogeochemical functioning of soil-water systems, coastal groundwater interactions, cold region hydrology, engineered barriers and landfill processes. In addition, the book offers insight into the development of new data fusion methodologies, of value to many hydrogeophysical investigations, and provides an account how the rapidly developing self-potential technique can give valuable information about water fluxes and hydrochemical states within the subsurface.

Geophysics --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Soil pollution. Soil purification --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Pedology --- geophysics --- bodemkunde --- hydrologie --- verontreiniging --- bodembescherming --- milieutechnologie --- geofysica --- Groundwater --- Soil pollution --- Hydrogeology --- Eau souterraine --- Sols --- Hydrogéologie --- Géophysique --- Congresses. --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Pollution --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVECOLO LIVTERRE SPRINGER-B --- Eaux souterraines --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Physical geography. --- Soil conservation. --- Environmental pollution. --- Hydrogeology. --- Hydrology/Water Resources. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Environmental Physics. --- Terrestrial Pollution. --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Geography --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Environmental aspects --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Hydrology. --- Geophysics. --- Soil science. --- Environmental sciences. --- Environmental science --- Science --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Agriculture --- Earth sciences --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics --- Aquatic sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Hydrogeophysics --- Groundwater contamination --- Improved risk assessment --- NATO