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Software has become omnipresent and vital in our information-based society, so all software producers should assume responsibility for its reliability. While "reliable" originally assumed implementations that were effective and mainly error-free, additional issues like adaptability and maintainability have gained equal importance recently. For example, the 2004 ACM/IEEE Software Engineering Curriculum Guidelines list software evolution as one of ten key areas of software engineering education. Mens and Demeyer, both international authorities in the field of software evolution, together with the invited contributors, focus on novel trends in software evolution research and its relations with other emerging disciplines such as model-driven software engineering, service-oriented software development, and aspect-oriented software development. They do not restrict themselves to the evolution of source code but also address the evolution of other, equally important software artifacts such as databases and database schemas, design models, software architectures, and process management. The contributing authors provide broad overviews of related work, and they also contribute to a comprehensive glossary, a list of acronyms, and a list of books, journals, websites, standards and conferences that together represent the community's body of knowledge. Combining all these features, this book is the indispensable source for researchers and professionals looking for an introduction and comprehensive overview of the state of the art. In addition, it is an ideal basis for an advanced course on software evolution.

software engineering --- Computer. Automation --- Information systems --- informatiesystemen --- informatica management --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- 681.3*D2 --- 681.3*K63 --- 681.3*K63 Software management: software development; software selection; software maintenance --- Software management: software development; software selection; software maintenance --- 681.3*D2 Software engineering: protection mechanisms; standards--See also {681.3*K63}; {681.3*K51} --- Software engineering: protection mechanisms; standards--See also {681.3*K63}; {681.3*K51}

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ThisbookpresentsselectedandrevisedpapersoftheSecondWorkshoponAd- tive and Learning Agents 2009 (ALA-09), held at the AAMAS 2009 conference in Budapest, Hungary, May 12. The goalof ALA is to provide an interdisciplinaryforum for scientists from a variety of ?elds such as computer science, biology, game theory and economics. This year's edition of ALA was the second after the merger of the former wo- shops ALAMAS and ALAg. In 2008 this joint workshop was organized for the ?rst time under the ?ag of both events. ALAMAS was a yearly returning Eu- pean workshop on adaptive and learning agents and multi-agent systems (held eight times). ALAg was the international workshop on adaptive and learning agents, which was usually held at AAMAS. To increase the strength, visibility and quality of the workshop it was decided to merge both workshops under the ?ag of ALA and to set up a Steering Committee as an organizational backbone. This book contains six papers presented during the workshop, which were carefully selected after an additional review round in the summer of 2009. We therefore wish to explicitly thank the members of the Program Committee for the quality and sincerity of their e?orts and service. Furthermore we would like to thank all the members of the senior Steering Committee for making this workshop possible and supporting it with sound advice. We also thank the AAMAS conference for providing us a platform for holding this event. Finally we also wish to thank all authors who responded to our call-for-papers with interesting contributions.

Complex analysis --- Discrete mathematics --- Mathematics --- Computer science --- Computer architecture. Operating systems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- discrete wiskunde --- complexe analyse (wiskunde) --- vormgeving --- computers --- informatica --- computerbesturingssystemen --- mineralen (chemie) --- simulaties --- externe fixatie (geneeskunde --- mijnbouw --- algoritmen --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- OS (operating system) --- computernetwerken --- 681.3*I26 <063> --- 681.3*D2 <063> --- 681.3*K2 --- 681.3*I6 --- 681.3*I6 Simulation and modeling (Computing methodologies)--See also {681.3*G3} --- Simulation and modeling (Computing methodologies)--See also {681.3*G3} --- 681.3*K2 History of computing: hardware; people; software; systems; theory --- History of computing: hardware; people; software; systems; theory --- 681.3*D2 <063> Software engineering: protection mechanisms; standards--See also {681.3*K63}; {681.3*K51}--Congressen --- Software engineering: protection mechanisms; standards--See also {681.3*K63}; {681.3*K51}--Congressen --- 681.3*I26 <063> Learning: analogies; concept learning; induction; knowledge acquisition; language acquisition; parameter learning (Artificial intelligence)--See also {681.3*K32}--Congressen --- Learning: analogies; concept learning; induction; knowledge acquisition; language acquisition; parameter learning (Artificial intelligence)--See also {681.3*K32}--Congressen

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The aim of the present book is to show, in a broad and yet deep way, the state of the art in computational science and engineering. Examples of topics addressed are: fast and accurate numerical algorithms, model-order reduction, grid computing, immersed-boundary methods, and specific computational methods for simulating a wide variety of challenging problems, problems such as: fluid-structure interaction, turbulent flames, bone-fracture healing, micro-electro-mechanical systems, failure of composite materials, storm surges, particulate flows, and so on. The main benefit offered to readers of the book is a well-balanced, up-to-date overview over the field of computational science and engineering, through in-depth articles by specialists from the separate disciplines.

Mathematics. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis. --- Appl.Mathematics/Computational Methods of Engineering. --- Mechanical Engineering. --- Numerical and Computational Physics. --- Computer science --- Computer science. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Mechanical engineering. --- Mathématiques --- Informatique --- Mathématiques de l'ingénieur --- Génie mécanique --- 681.3*I6 --- 519.6 --- 681.3*G --- Simulation and modeling (Computing methodologies)--See also {681.3*G3} --- Computational mathematics. Numerical analysis. Computer programming --- Mathematics of computing --- 681.3*G Mathematics of computing --- 519.6 Computational mathematics. Numerical analysis. Computer programming --- 681.3*I6 Simulation and modeling (Computing methodologies)--See also {681.3*G3} --- Engineering mathematics --- Engineering --- Science --- Electronic data processing --- Data processing --- Mathematics --- Data processing.

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Modern societies heavily depend on infrastructure systems such as road-traffic networks, water networks, and electricity networks. Nowadays infrastructure systems are large-scale, complex networked, socio-technical systems, that almost everybody uses on a daily basis, and that have enabled us to live closely together in large cities. Infrastructure systems are so vital that their incapacity or destruction would have a fatal effect on the functioning of our society. The complexity of these systems is defined by their multi-agent and multi-actor character, their multi-level structure, their multi-objective optimization challenges, and by the adaptivity of their agents and actors to changes in their environment. The operation and control of existing infrastructures is fallible: too often people are confronted with capacity problems, dangerous situations, unreliability, and inefficiency. More intelligent infrastructures gain an advantage in terms of more efficient capacity management, improved reliability of service, increased sustainability, and enhanced infrastructure security. Infrastructure operation should be able to more autonomously determine how to operate the infrastructure, taking into account the most up-to-date state of the infrastructure, and taking into account the existence of several decision makers, such that ultimately the infrastructure is operated in a pro-active way and issues are resolved quickly. This book concentrates on a wide range of problems in the way infrastructures are functioning today and discusses novel advanced, and intelligent methods and tools for the operation and control of existing and future infrastructures.

Sociology --- Operational research. Game theory --- Mathematical statistics --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- Planning (firm) --- Production management --- Computer science --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- vormgeving --- besluitvorming --- computers --- informatica --- mathematische modellen --- mineralen (chemie) --- simulaties --- planning --- systeemtheorie --- mijnbouw --- speltheorie --- econometrie --- operationeel onderzoek --- systeembeheer --- 681.3*I21 --- 681.3*K41 --- infrastructuur --- elektrische netwerken --- verkeersnetwerken --- waterwegen --- 681.3*I21 Applications and expert systems (Artificial intelligence). Cartography. Games. Industrial automation. Law. Medicine and science. Natural language interfaces. Office automation--See also {681.3*H4}; {681.3*J} --- Applications and expert systems (Artificial intelligence). Cartography. Games. Industrial automation. Law. Medicine and science. Natural language interfaces. Office automation--See also {681.3*H4}; {681.3*J} --- Public policy issues: abuse and crime involving computers, computer-related health issues, ethics, human safety, intellectual property rights, privacy, regulation, transborder data flow, use/abuse of power

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The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has been an especially active and fertile area of research. Over the past five to seven years, there have been numerous technological advances and exciting challenges that are of considerable interest to students, teachers, and researchers. The Vehicle Routing Problem: Latest Advances and New Challenges will focus on a host of significant technical advances that have evolved over the past few years for modeling and solving vehicle routing problems and variants. New approaches for solving VRPs have been developed from important methodological advances. These developments have resulted in faster solution algorithms, more accurate techniques, and an improvement in the ability to solve large-scale, complex problems. The book will systematically examine these recent developments in the VRP and provide the following in a unified and carefully developed presentation: Present novel problems that have arisen in the vehicle routing domain and highlight new challenges for the field; Present significant methodological advances or new approaches for solving existing vehicle routing problems; Summarize the most significant research results for the vehicle routing problem and its variants from 2000 to the present. .

Vehicle routing problem. --- Transportation problems (Programming) --- Delivery of goods --- Mathematical models. --- Store delivery services --- Transportation --- Parcel post --- Shipment of goods --- VRP (Vehicle routing problem) --- Combinatorial optimization --- Traveling salesman problem --- Transport problems (Programming) --- Linear programming --- Road traffic --- Operational research. Game theory --- 519.8 --- 681.3*G22 --- 519.8 Operational research --- Operational research --- 681.3*G22 Graph theory: graph algorithms; network problems; path and tree problems; trees--See also {681.3*F22} --- Graph theory: graph algorithms; network problems; path and tree problems; trees--See also {681.3*F22} --- Operations research. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Mathematics. --- Engineering economy. --- Production management. --- Operations Research/Decision Theory. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering. --- Applications of Mathematics. --- Operations Research, Management Science. --- Engineering Economics, Organization, Logistics, Marketing. --- Operations Management. --- Manufacturing management --- Industrial management --- Economy, Engineering --- Engineering economics --- Industrial engineering --- Math --- Science --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Operational analysis --- Management science --- Research --- System theory --- Mathematics --- Decision making. --- Applied mathematics. --- Management science. --- Engineering economics. --- Quantitative business analysis --- Management --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Deciding --- Decision (Psychology) --- Decision analysis --- Decision processes --- Making decisions --- Management decisions --- Choice (Psychology) --- Decision making --- Engineering—Data processing. --- Industrial Management. --- Operations Research and Decision Theory. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications. --- Operations Research, Management Science . --- Business administration --- Business enterprises --- Business management --- Corporate management --- Corporations --- Industrial administration --- Management, Industrial --- Rationalization of industry --- Scientific management --- Business --- Industrial organization