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Philosophy of Syntax : Foundational Topics
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ISBN: 9789048132874 9789048132881 9789048132911 9789400730977 Year: 2010 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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This book is intended as a preliminary work for a uniform description of language, especially overall organization and architecture of grammar and its connection with semantics. An array of general logical intuitions, concerning the initial requirements for building and interpreting compound expressions, stemming from Frege, Husserl and Ajdukiewicz, is spelled out to form a general framework, allowing for critical evaluation of today's leading paradigms, such as Generative Grammar, Montague Grammar or Type-Logical Grammar. The main message of the book is that categorial grammar is not only one of the competing theories of syntax, but - according to some general features - is the most plausible framework for logical syntax of natural language. With profound motivation the book proposes an original treatment of quantification and formulates insightful general principles of syntactic analysis.


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How Ficta Follow Fiction : A Syncretistic Account of Fictional Entities
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ISBN: 9781402051470 Year: 2006 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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This book presents a novel theory of fictional entities which is syncretistic insofar as it integrates the work of previous authors. It puts forward a new metaphysical conception of the nature of these entities, according to which a fictional entity is a compound entity built up from both a make-believe theoretical element and a set theoretical element. The fictional entity is constructed by imagining the existence of an individual with certain properties and adding a set-theoretical element consisting of the set of properties corresponding to the properties of the imagined entity. Moreover, the book advances a new combined semantic and ontological defence of the existence of fictional entities.


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Argument Structure : Representation and Theory
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ISBN: 9789400703575 Year: 2011 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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This monograph presents a method of diagramming argument macrostructure, synthesizing the standard circle and arrow approach with the Toulmin model. A theoretical justification of this method through a dialectical understanding of argument, a critical examination of Toulmin on warrants, and a thorough discussion of the linked-convergent distinction follows. Discussion includes consideration of alternative understandings of  argument structure and its representation presented in Wigmore's chart method, Pollock's inference graphs, and the pragma-dialectical approach to argumentation. An account of the proper reconstruction of enthymemes and issues at the border of structural analysis versus evaluation of arguments conclude the book.


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Heidegger, Translation, and the Task of Thinking : Essays in Honor of Parvis Emad
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ISBN: 9789400716490 Year: 2011 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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Numerous volumes have been written on the philosophy of Martin Heidegger, and new translations of his writings appear on a regular basis. Up to now, however, no book has addressed the connections between Heidegger's thought and the hermeneutic methodology involved in translating his works - or any other text. Gathering essays by internationally recognized scholars, this volume examines the specific synergy that holds between Heidegger's thinking and the distinctive endeavor of translation.  Heidegger, Translation, and the Task of Thinking:  Essays in Honor of Parvis Emad offers scholars and students alike a rare journey into the insights and intricacies of one of the greatest philosophers of the twentieth century. The book also pays homage to Parvis Emad, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at De Paul University, founder of the journal Heidegger Studies and a renowned translator of Heidegger's writings. Heidegger, Translation, and the Task of Thinking:  Essays in Honor of Parvis Emad provides a uniquely focused perspective on Heidegger's thought, and delves into the strategies and controversies that attend all attempts to translate his most complex and challenging texts, including his seminal works Contributions to Philosophy and Mindfulness. Accordingly, this book will be of great interest and benefit to anyone working in the fields of phenomenology, hermeneutics, or Heidegger studies.


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Attitudes and Changing Contexts
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ISBN: 9781402041778 Year: 2006 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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In this book, the author defends a unified externalists account of propositional attitudes and reference, and formalizes this view within possible world semantics. He establishes a link between philosophical analyses of intentionality and reference and formal semantic theories of discourse representation and context change. Stalnakerian diagonalization plays an important role here. Anaphora are treated as referential expressions, while presupposition is seen as a propositional attitude. The relation between belief change and the semantic analyses of conditional sentences and evidential (knowledge) and buletic (desire) propositional attitudes is discussed extensively. "Van Rooij has new and interesting things to say both about foundational issues in the philosophy of language, and about the details of specific analyses, f.e. about intensional identity, epistemic modals, propositional attitude attributions, presupposition accommodation, conditionals and belief change." Robert Stalnaker, MIT


Book
Husserl's Logical Investigations in the New Century: Western and Chinese Perspectives
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ISBN: 9781402057588 Year: 2007 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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______________________________ Why another volume of essays devoted to Husserl's Logical Investigations after several collections of a similar nature have been published in the recent years? First of all, this publication is of considerable historico-cultural significance: most of the papers derive from an international conference held in Beijing in October 2001 to mark the 1 centenary of the foundational work of the phenomenological movement. This conference was the first of its kind in which phenomenologists from the West Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, USA joined hands with specialists from Korea, mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan to discuss the heritage of Husserl. Whereas all Western contributors to the present volume Rudolf Bernet, David Carr, Steven Crowell, John Drummond, Bernhard Waldenfels, and Kah-Kyung Cho who is of Korean origin but has had a long and successful career in USA are scholars who possess indubitable authority in phenomenology, their Chinese counterparts are much less well-known in the Western academic arena. Yet the latter's contributions are of the utmost interest. From them readers will learn of the early reception of Husserl's Logical Investigations in China through the work of Youding SHEN, one of the most distinguished Chinese logicians of the twentieth century (JIN Xiping's paper).


Book
Linking : The Geometry of Argument Structure
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ISBN: 9781402083075 9781402083082 9789048119592 9789400705326 Year: 2010 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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Linking - how semantic arguments map to the syntax - is one of the challenges for theories of the syntax-semantics interface. In this new approach, Janet Randall explores the hypothesis that the positions of syntactic arguments are strictly determined by lexical argument geometry. Yielding novel - if sometimes surprising - conclusions, her Isomorphic Linking Hypothesis establishes the linking patterns of a wide range of verbs and, with those results, shows how to reason "backwards" from how a given verb's arguments link to what its lexical representation must be. Along the way, the investigation takes on thorny lexical issues - reformulating the Theta Criterion, revisiting the multiple lexical-entry debate, eliminating "indirect" arguments and redefining unaccusativity. It offers new insights into how arguments are represented, assembles a host of argument/adjunct diagnostics, and re-examines the relation between arguments and predicates. The result of this incisive study is a simple and consistent account of linking, integrated with a radical rethinking of the nature of arguments and argument structure. From the reviews: "Janet Randall's Linking: The Geometry of Argument Structure, is an authoritative journey through a minefield of critical problems. Arguing a symmetry between conceptual structure and argument structure, it will richly reward those readers who do themselves the favor of taking the trip." (Samuel Jay Keyser, Professor Emeritus, MIT) "In this book, Janet Randall, building on much recent research, develops her own version of a geometrical theory of the lexicon and explores a restrictive hypothesis on how lexical entries project into syntactic structure, based on structure preservation. Even those who, like myself, are not so inclined to think of word meaning in geometric terms, will find in this book a striking series of puzzles, challenges, and insights." (Gennaro Chierchia, Haas Foundations Professor of Linguistics, Harvard University) "Janet Randall's book is a model of how to reason across the interface between conceptual structure and syntax. It is a goldmine of razor sharp observations about argument structure and morphology. Each theoretical step is supported by carefully developed empirical evidence. It will be a lasting accomplishment at both the theoretical and empirical level." (Tom Roeper, University of Massachusetts, Amherst)


Book
Aspectual Inquiries
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ISBN: 9781402030338 Year: 2005 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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The study of the linguistic reflexes of aspect has been an active field of research in various sub-disciplines of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics (including discourse theory) and acquisition studies. However, communication and dissemination of results across these various subfields has often been indirect. The different angles brought together give us a comprehensive picture of the representation of aspect in the mind/brain of the speaker. The papers in this volume represent the results of a workshop on the syntax, semantics and acquisition of aspect held in 2002 whose purpose was to foment active cross-disciplinary communication. A number of the papers examine the syntactic representation of lexical or situation aspect, while others focus on the syntactic interaction of lexical aspect with grammatical aspect, and of grammatical aspect and tense. Other papers examine the role of aspect in discourse representations, while a third group of papers reports on results of empirical studies on the acquisition of aspect in both first and second language acquisition, and patterns of loss of morphosyntactic reflexes of aspect in language attrition.


Book
Cognitive Aspects of Bilingualism
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ISBN: 9781402059353 Year: 2007 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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A unique feature of this book is that chapters favor that line of cognitive linguistics which makes a clear distinction between real world and projected world. Information conveyed by language must be about the projected world. Both the experimental results and the systematic claims in this volume call for a weak form of whorfianism. Also, chapters add some relatively unexplored issues of bilingualism to the well-known ones, such as gender systems in the bilingual mind, context and task, synergic concepts, blending, the relationship between lexical categorization and ontological categorization among others.


Book
Concepts in Law
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ISBN: 9789048129829 Year: 2009 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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During the last decades, legal theory has focused almost completely on norms, rules and arguments as the constitutive elements of law. Concepts were mostly neglected. The contributions to this volume try to remedy this neglect by elucidating the role concepts play in law from different perspectives. A main aim of this volume is to initiate a debate about concepts in law. Å ke Frändberg gives an overview of the many different uses of concepts in law and shows amongst others that concepts in the law should not be confused with the role of concepts in descriptions of the law. Dietmar von der Pfordten criticizes the restriction to norms as parts of the law in contemporary legal theory by questioning what concepts are and what their function is, both in general and in legal conceptual schemes. Giovanni Sartor assumes the inferential analysis of meaning proposed by Alf Ross in his ground breaking paper Tû-tû and addresses the question how possession of a concept, including the rules defining it, is possible without endorsing these rules. Jaap Hage argues that 1. legal status words such as 'owner' have a meaning because they denote things or relations in institutional reality, 2. the meaning of these words consists in this denotation relation, 3. knowledge of this meaning presupposes knowledge of the rules governing these words. Torben Spaak contributes to this volume with an exemplary analysis of one of the most central concepts of the law, namely that of a legal power. Lorenz Kähler discusses the role of concepts in determining the scope of application of legal rules and raises from this perspective the question to what extent legal concept formation can be arbitrary. Ralf Poscher argues that as soon as a concept is used in stating the law, the precise scope of application of this concept has become a legal matter. This means that the use of ˜moral' concepts in the law does not automatically lead to a moral import into the law. Dennis Patterson holds that Hart's concept of law can be understood as a so-called ˜practice theory' and provides an overview of such a theory.

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