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A fundamental question in contemporary astrophysics is the origin of the elements. Cosmochemistry seeks to answer when, how and where the chemical elements arose. Quantitative answers to these fundamental questions require a multi-disciplinary approach involving stellar evolution, explosive nucleosynthesis and nuclear reactions in different astrophysical environments. There remain, however, many outstanding problems and cosmochemistry remains a fertile area of research. This book is among the first in recent times to put together the essentials of cosmochemistry, combining contributions from leading astrophysicists in the field. The chapters have been organized to provide a clear description of the fundamentals, an introduction to modern techniques such as computational modelling, and glimpses of outstanding issues.
Astrophysics --- Nuclear energy --- kernfusie (technologie) --- astrofysica
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Modern industrial society urgently needs alternatives to traditional carbon and petroleum-based energy sources. Oil and gas reserves are uncertain, and concentrated in politically unstable regions. Coal carries high environmental costs, both in its extraction from the earth, and its impact on air and climate. These circumstances have resulted in renewed attention to nuclear energy, long considered too expensive and too dangerous, for widespread use. Uranium Deposits of the World gathers and presents a massive collection of data on the location, quality and accessibility of uranium resources in nearly every region of the globe. Incorporating the latest findings, including much material that is newly available, this is the most comprehensive reference work yet produced on the topic. The coverage goes further, offering expert overviews and fine-grained analysis of the economic viability of ore deposits. This exhaustive, up-to-date reference is designed for practical use, and arranged by geographic region: Asia; USA and Latin America; Europe; and Australia-Oceania and Africa. Each region and country is introduced with an analytical overview, followed by a detailed geologically- and economically-relevant synopsis of its individual regions and ore fields. The data includes location and magnitude of uranium districts and deposits; principal features of uranium districts; and characteristics of selected deposits. Enriched throughout with many maps and charts, the description of districts and deposits includes sections on geology, alteration, mineralogy, shape and dimensions, ore controls or recognition criteria, and metallogenic aspects. A typological classification of uranium deposits is added to give an overview of principal criteria of deposit types and related nomenclature. Nuclear energy researchers, mining and energy developers, policy makers, regulators and planners will all find this work useful, informative and timely. Uranium Deposits of the World is available in a searchable online edition, as a four-volume print work, and as a combination of the two.
Rocks. Minerals --- Nuclear energy --- mineralogie --- economie --- kernenergie --- geologie
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Stability and Transport in Magnetic Confinement Systems provides an advanced introduction to the fields of stability and transport in tokamaks. It serves as a reference for researchers with its highly-detailed theoretical background, and contains new results in the areas of analytical nonlinear theory of transport using kinetic theory and fluid closure. The use of fluid descriptions for advanced stability and transport problems provide the reader with a better understanding of this topic. In addition, the areas of nonlinear kinetic theory and fluid closure gives the researcher the basic knowledge of a highly relevant area to the present development of transport physics.
Mathematical physics --- Plasma physics --- Nuclear physics --- Nuclear energy --- kernfusie (technologie) --- plasmafysica --- theoretische fysica --- kernenergie
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The development of nuclear weapons during the Manhattan Project is one of the most significant scientific events of the twentieth century. This book, prepared by a gifted teacher of physics, explores the challenges that faced the members of the Manhattan project. In doing so it gives a clear introduction to fission weapons at the level of an upper-level undergraduate physics student. Details of nuclear reactions, their energy release, the fission process, how critical masses can be estimated, how fissile materials are produced, and what factors complicate bomb design are covered. An extensive list of references and a number of problems for self-study are included. Links are given to several spreadsheets with which users can run many of the calculations for themselves.
History of physics --- Nuclear physics --- Nuclear chemistry --- Nuclear energy --- stralingschemie --- kernfusie (technologie) --- kernenergie --- fysica
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It became clear in the early days of fusion research that the effects of the containment vessel (erosion of "impurities") degrade the overall fusion plasma performance. Progress in controlled nuclear fusion research over the last decade has led to magnetically confined plasmas that, in turn, are sufficiently powerful to damage the vessel structures over its lifetime. This book reviews current understanding and concepts to deal with this remaining critical design issue for fusion reactors. It reviews both progress and open questions, largely in terms of available and sought-after plasma-surface interaction data and atomic/molecular data related to these "plasma edge" issues.
Plasma physics --- Nuclear physics --- Atomic physics --- Solid state physics --- Nuclear energy --- kernfusie (technologie) --- plasmafysica --- kernenergie --- fysica
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Reviews of Plasma Physics Volume 24, edited by V.D. Shafranov, presents two reviews from the cutting-edge of Russian plasma physics research. The first review by V.A. Rozhansky devoted to the mechanisms of transverse conductivity and generation of self-consistent electric fields in strongly ionized magnetized plasma. The second review by O.G. Bakunin considers numerous aspects of turbulent transport in plasma and fluids. This review is focused on scaling arguments for describing anomalous diffusion in the presence of complex structures. These topics are especially important for fusion plasma research, plasma astrophysics, discharge physics, and turbulence.
Plasma physics --- Nuclear physics --- Atomic physics --- Physicochemistry --- Nuclear energy --- kernfusie (technologie) --- plasmafysica --- kernenergie --- fysicochemie
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I temi trattati costituiscono una introduzione ai fenomeni radioattivi in senso stretto con escursioni, aventi come base di partenza e filo conduttore il decadimento b, nel campo della fisica delle particelle elementari, in particolare dei neutrini, e dell'astrofisica. Alcuni argomenti sono tradizionali (decadimento alfa, beta gamma), altri riguardano la fisica di frontiera (così che al lettore sono offerti particolari itinerari dalla fisica consolidata alla fisica in evoluzione).
Astrophysics --- Elementary particles --- Nuclear physics --- Nuclear energy --- elementaire deeltjes --- kernfusie (technologie) --- quarks --- astrofysica --- deeltjesfysica --- kernenergie
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This course explores nuclear physics and its applications ranging from the structure of nuclei and their reactions, to astrophysics and cosmology. The physics is introduced with arguments based on simple ideas such as the empirical structure of nuclear forces and its interplay with the Pauli principle and Coulomb repulsion. The book then develops elementary nuclear models and illustrates nuclear systematics with experimental data. Reactions and decays are discussed both phenomenologically and from the point of view of fundamental electro-weak interaction theory. The discussions of fission and fusion emphasize nuclear energy production. This leads directly into nuclear astrophysics and nucleosynthesis. The book ends with a presentation of the latest ideas about cosmology. As a primer this course will lay the foundations for more specialized subjects within the vast domain of nuclear physics as a whole. This book emerged from a series of topical courses the authors delivered at the Ecole Polytechnique and will be useful for advanced undergraduates and for scientists in a variety of fields.
Space research --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- Nuclear physics --- Nuclear energy --- kernfusie (technologie) --- quarks --- astrofysica --- deeltjesfysica --- kernenergie --- ruimte (astronomie) --- kosmologie
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Our Sun is aging. Like us, it will someday die, and the light that warms and illuminates our planet will go out. All life on Earth will perish with it unless we do something to stop it. Is that possible? Martin Beech thinks it is, but we must begin to plan and create the technologies that will save us NOW! Of course, we do not expect the Sun's demise to happen anytime soon. The Sun is only about halfway through its expected lifetime. We are talking about an event that will not take place for billions of years. But it may take that long to engineer (actually, asteroengineer) our way out of the crisis. And in the meantime, we can use the newly developed knowledge and technologies to protect us from more immediate threats, such as asteroid and comet hits, global warming, and mass extinctions. For us to keep the Sun shining, we must first change our attitudes. We must put profit and short-term thinking aside. And we must come together to share the risks and costs of the necessary endeavors. Martin Beech will lay out for you, in startling clear and compelling fashion, some basic star science, what the issues are, and how you can join in this massive undertaking to prevent global disaster and keep us in the Sun's life-giving light for the foreseeable future.
Science --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- Nuclear physics --- Nuclear energy --- kernfusie (technologie) --- astrofysica --- popularisering wetenschap --- kernenergie --- ruimtevaart --- astronomie --- kosmologie
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"Plasma Physics: Confinement, Transport and Collective Effects" provides an overview of modern plasma research with special focus on confinement and related issues. Beginning with a broad introduction, the book leads graduate students and researchers - also those from related fields - to an understanding of the state-of-the-art in modern plasma physics. Furthermore, it presents a methodological cross section ranging from plasma applications and plasma diagnostics to numerical simulations, the latter providing an increasingly important link between theory and experiment. Effective references guide the reader from introductory texts through to contemporary research. Some related exercises in computational plasma physics are supplied on a special web site.
Space research --- Astrophysics --- Plasma physics --- Nuclear physics --- Atomic physics --- Nuclear energy --- kernfusie (technologie) --- astrofysica --- plasmafysica --- kernenergie --- ruimtevaart
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