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The book is comprised of lectures and selected contributions presented at the Enzo Levi and XVI Annual Meeting of the Fluid Dynamic Division of the Mexican Physical Society in 2010. It is aimed at fourth year undergraduate and graduate students, as well as scientists in the fields of physics, engineering and chemistry with an interest in fluid dynamics from the experimental and theoretical point of view. The lectures are introductory and avoid the use of complicated mathematics. The other selected contributions are also geared to fourth year undergraduate and graduate students. The fluid dynamics applications include multiphase flow, convection, diffusion, heat transfer, rheology, granular material, viscous flow, porous media flow, geophysics and astrophysics. The material contained in the book includes recent advances in experimental and theoretical fluid dynamics and will be of great use to those involved in either teaching and/or research.
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Interactions between agriculture, climate and patterns of land use are complex. Major changes in agriculture, and land use patterns are foreseen in the next couple of decades in response to shifts in climate, greenhouse gas management initiatives, population growth and other forces. The book explores key interactions between changes in agriculture, patterns of land use and efforts to reduce greenhouse emissions from agriculture. The volume is based on inter-disciplinary science and policy interactions, exploring the way land use may aid in addressing or be affected by the onset of climate change and alterations in food demand. Future forces shaping land use decisions are examined, and its sensitivity to climate change is highlighted. Patterns of land use and the agricultural role in climate change mitigation are explored. Also, policy and social responses to the new perspectives on future land use patterns are identified. The perspective of the book is beyond the year 2015.
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The transfer of environmental values in time and space has increased rapidly with the widespread use of cost benefit analysis in project evaluation and regulatory assessments over the last three decades. The purpose of this volume is to take a snapshot of the research that is ongoing in the area of value transfer (benefit transfer). It includes papers by some of the most influential authors in the area, and covers the latest developments in the field. It will be useful for academics conducting research in this area and for practitioners in government agencies and ministries, as well as consulting firms.
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This book is a collection of the articles presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW 979859) held in St. Petersburg, from the 15-18 November 2003 in the Hermitage Museum. The title of the workshop was The impact of the environment on Human Migration in Eurasia . More than 40 scientists from Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Poland, Germany, Switzerland, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Belgium, Finland, Lithuania and Latvia took part. The themes of the workshop focused on the origin, development, interactions, and migrations of prehistoric and ancient populations, specifically the Scythians, in Eurasia and their relationships with the environment of the time. The discussion of these questions necessitated the participation of specialists from a wide range of academic fields. Beyond any doubt, the environment played an important role in the life of ancient nomadic populations, forming the basis of their economies and influencing various aspects of their mode of life. In this respect, the collaboration of specialists in the Humanities and Science is essential for the solution of scientific questions concerning these peoples. Over the past few years, a large amount of new proxy data related to environmental changes during the Pleistocene and the Holocene and their impact on human life has become available. Our discussion was predominantly limited to environmental changes related to the Holocene. In st this period of about 10000 years, the main focus was on the 1 millennium BC.
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Leading pollution control educators and practicing professionals describe how various combinations of different physicochemical treatment processes can be arranged to solve air, noise, and thermal pollution problems. In Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes, the authors discuss strategies for abating pollution by converting it into a less noxious form, using the most feasible technologies. Each chapter discusses in detail a variety of process combinations, along with technical and economic evaluations, and presents explanations of the principles behind the designs, as well as numerous variant designs useful to practicing engineers. The emphasis throughout is on developing the necessary engineering solutions from fundamental principles of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. The authors also include up-to-date references, cost data, design methods, guidance on the installation and operation of various process equipment and systems, and Best Available Technologies (BAT) for water pollution control, wastewater treatment, and water purification.
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The future of Earth's ecosystems is increasingly influenced by the pace and patterns of urbanization. One of the greatest challenges for natural and social scientists is to understand how urbanizing regions evolve through the complex interactions between humans and ecological processes. Questions and methods of inquiry specific to our traditional disciplinary domains yield partial views that reflect different epistemologies and understandings of the world. In order to achieve the level of synthesis required to see the urban ecosystem as a whole we must change the way we pose questions and search for answers. Cities are the result of human and ecological processes occurring simultaneously in time and in space and the legacy of the simultaneous processes of the past. Urban ecology is the study of the co-evolution of human-ecological systems. Scholars of both urban systems and ecology must challenge the assumptions and world views within their disciplines and work towards a hybrid theory that builds on multiple world views. The synthesis of research findings provided in this book is a first step towards articulating the challenge for scholars of urban ecosystems; it leads the way toward the integration we must achieve if we are to better understand and solve emerging issues in urban ecosystems. Marina Alberti is Associate Professor in the Department of Urban Design and Planning and Director of the Urban Ecology Research Lab (http://www.urbaneco.washington.edu/) at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington.
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In the last few years, awareness and worries about the exhaustion of natural resources are increasing, but this fact is still very much discussed about its analytical measurement, and therefore not yet demonstrated. However, what has been demonstrated is that the 6 billion inhabitants of the Earth move every kind of goods and wares around the world at about 8 tons per capita, which means about 50 billion tons per year. This is the same amount as is moved yearly by natural forces, such as winds, eruptions, earthquakes, rain. Since the Kyoto Protocol entered into force on 16 February 2005 an investment on rational use of energy, savings and efficiency is the main premise supporting the development of new energy sources needed to meet the target of the KP and UNFCCC. If energy consumption decreases, renewable sources could cover a significant part of the demand of energy (in particular electricity), if consumption remains uselessly high because inefficient and less energy-consuming (acting also on final uses), renewable energy would become a reality, a feasible method even in these sectors. With investments being equal (today all in the sector of generation from fossil sources), if there were parallel researches on how to reduce consumption and wastes considerably (at least 35%) and on power plants from renewable sources, there would be also a reduction of gas emissions, without any negative influence on development. New technologies (and new "energy products") will play a crucial role in the development of a market of "sustainable energy products" that should grow in a competitive way (cost-effective) to stand against the challenge of change.
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Ongoing concern about the need to promote environmental management accounting has resulted in this, the fifth volume in the Environmental and Sustainability Management Accounting Network (EMAN) series. Drawing inspiration from the 2007 EMAN conference in Finland on the links between environmental management accounting and supply chain administration, the book includes a number of research papers presented there as well as several independent contributions that represent a range of perspectives on the topic. This volume's focus on the environmental accounting of supply chain processes is of particular relevance because these processes supply data about the environmental impact of relationships between business organisations, an area where the boundary separating internal and external accounting is ill-defined. Here, contributors advocate what they term accounting for cooperation' as a more environmentally positive complement to the paradigmatic practice of accounting for competition'. In addition to analyzing the supply chain, a number of chapters are based on papers presented to the EMAN-EU conference on sustainability and corporate social responsibility accounting, held in Hungary in 2008. Corporate social responsibility accounting is also a boundary-spanning function requiring awareness of the interface between an organisation's internal accounting, and that which has an external function through its social responsibility to different groupings. Finally, in acknowledgement of growing international engagement with environmental management accounting following the introduction of international guidelines in 2005, the book includes papers from the first EMAN Global conference on integrated environmental management accounting for sustainable development held in South Africa in 2007. This publication is required reading for anyone wanting to keep abreast of the latest developments in this field. Readers should also visit EMAN's website at http://www.eman-global.net.
Economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- economie --- milieubeheer
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This detailed account tells the background story of a privatised monopoly whose sharp practices embroiled a national government in scandal and shocked a nation that prides itself on the strength of its institutions. AWB Limited, the former Australian Wheat Board that in the 1990s was sold into the private sector, paid more than US200m in kickbacks to the pariah regime of Saddam Hussein in Iraq, exploiting the provisions of the United Nations' Oil for Food program by inflating the price of the wheat it sent there to disguise the pay-offs that secured the contracts. The ensuing uproar threatened the careers of key cabinet ministers in the Howard government and contributed to the rise and subsequent election victory of the Australian Labor Party's Kevin Rudd. There is no doubting wheat's centrality as a commodity. Of all the basic foodstuffs, this versatile grain is a vital cog in the international trading mechanism, arousing passion and ambition in equal measure. The 60-year history of the Australian Wheat Board and its subsequent privatised incarnation is a fascinating and much misunderstood story that involves decision-makers at the highest level and commercial interests at their most competitive and rapacious. The board held a monopoly on Australian wheat exports for decades, seamlessly shifting into the private sector in 1995. Motivated by the misunderstandings surrounding this privatisation and the revelations that followed it in the mid-2000s, this volume sets the record straight with a comprehensive analysis of the genesis and development of an institution with its origins in mutuality that foundered in the perilous waters of cut-throat international trade. The author's role as a strategic advisor in the privatisation ensures a uniquely informed perspective on a story that provides an object lesson in institutional management to governments around the world.
Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- milieubeheer --- Australia
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The past twenty-five years have witnessed a growing worldwide drive to restore the quality of our environment and to protect it from the degrading effects of air, noise, solid waste, and water pollution. In Advanced Air and Noise Pollution Control: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 2, leading pollution control educators and practicing professionals describe how various combinations of different cutting-edge process systems can be arranged to solve air, noise, and thermal pollution problems. Each chapter discusses in detail a variety of process combinations, along with technical and economic evaluations, and presents explanations of the principles behind the designs, as well as numerous variant designs useful to practicing engineers. The emphasis throughout is on developing the necessary engineering solutions from fundamental principles of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. The authors also include extensive references, cost data, design methods, guidance on the installation and operation of various air pollution control process equipment and systems, and Best Available Technologies (BAT) for air, thermal, and noise pollution control. A companion volume, Air Pollution Control Engineering: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 1 critically surveys the principles and practices involved in basic air pollution control processes. Cutting-edge and highly practical, Advanced Air and Noise Pollution Control: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 2 offers educators, students, and practicing engineers a strong grounding in the principles of this critical field, as well as effective methods for developing optimal abatement technologies at costs that are fully justified by the degree of abatement achieved.
Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- luchtverontreiniging --- geluidshinder --- milieubeheer
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